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Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic taste of acids?
What is the characteristic taste of acids?
Salts are formed by the reaction between two acids.
Salts are formed by the reaction between two acids.
False
_______ is the process by which an acid and a base react to form salt and water.
_______ is the process by which an acid and a base react to form salt and water.
Neutralization reaction
Match the following acids with their uses:
Match the following acids with their uses:
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What is the common name of Calcium Hydroxide?
What is the common name of Calcium Hydroxide?
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What is the product of a neutralization reaction?
What is the product of a neutralization reaction?
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Litmus paper turns blue in acidic solutions.
Litmus paper turns blue in acidic solutions.
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What is the importance of Hydrochloric Acid in the human body?
What is the importance of Hydrochloric Acid in the human body?
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A solution with a pH of 8 is considered a ________ solution.
A solution with a pH of 8 is considered a ________ solution.
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Match the following acids/bases/salts with their uses:
Match the following acids/bases/salts with their uses:
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Study Notes
Acids
- Release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water
- Strength depends on ability to donate H⁺ ions
- Properties:
- Sour taste
- Turn blue litmus paper red
- React with metals to produce hydrogen gas and with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce carbon dioxide
- Conduct electricity in aqueous solutions due to the presence of ions
- Examples:
- Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): Found in gastric juice
- Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄): Used in car batteries
- Acetic Acid (CH₃COOH): Found in vinegar
Bases
- Release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water
- Also known as alkalis when they are soluble in water
- Properties:
- Bitter taste
- Feel slippery to the touch
- Turn red litmus paper blue
- React with acids to form salt and water (neutralization reaction)
- Examples:
- Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH): Used in soap making
- Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂): Known as lime water
- Ammonium Hydroxide (NH₄OH): Used in household cleaners
Salts
- Ionic compounds formed by the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base
- Consist of positive ions (cations) from the base and negative ions (anions) from the acid
- Properties:
- Generally have a salty taste
- Many salts are soluble in water, but some are not
- Conduct electricity in molten state or when dissolved in water
- Many salts form crystalline solids
- Examples:
- Sodium Chloride (NaCl): Common table salt
- Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃): Found in limestone and marble
- Potassium Nitrate (KNO₃): Used in fertilizers
Neutralization Reaction
- Occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt and water
- Represented as: Acid + Base → Salt + Water
- Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
pH Scale
- Measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14
- Acidic Solutions: pH < 7
- Neutral Solutions: pH = 7
- Basic Solutions: pH > 7
- Indicators:
- Litmus Paper: Blue litmus turns red in acidic solutions, and red litmus turns blue in basic solutions
- Phenolphthalein: Colorless in acidic solutions, pink in basic solutions
- Methyl Orange: Red in acidic solutions, yellow in basic solutions
Importance in Daily Life
- Acids:
- Hydrochloric Acid: Aids in digestion in the stomach
- Citric Acid: Found in citrus fruits, used in food and beverages
- Bases:
- Sodium Hydroxide: Used in soap and detergent manufacturing
- Calcium Hydroxide: Used in the treatment of acidic soils
- Salts:
- Sodium Chloride: Essential for human diet, used as a preservative
- Ammonium Nitrate: Used in fertilizers to enhance soil fertility
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Description
Comprehensive explanation of acids, bases, and salts for Class 10 ICSE students, covering definitions, properties, and reactions.
