Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic taste of acids?
Sour
Salts are formed by the reaction between two acids.
False
_______ is the process by which an acid and a base react to form salt and water.
Neutralization reaction
Match the following acids with their uses:
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What is the common name of Calcium Hydroxide?
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What is the product of a neutralization reaction?
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Litmus paper turns blue in acidic solutions.
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What is the importance of Hydrochloric Acid in the human body?
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A solution with a pH of 8 is considered a ________ solution.
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Match the following acids/bases/salts with their uses:
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Study Notes
Acids
- Release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water
- Strength depends on ability to donate H⁺ ions
- Properties:
- Sour taste
- Turn blue litmus paper red
- React with metals to produce hydrogen gas and with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce carbon dioxide
- Conduct electricity in aqueous solutions due to the presence of ions
- Examples:
- Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): Found in gastric juice
- Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄): Used in car batteries
- Acetic Acid (CH₃COOH): Found in vinegar
Bases
- Release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water
- Also known as alkalis when they are soluble in water
- Properties:
- Bitter taste
- Feel slippery to the touch
- Turn red litmus paper blue
- React with acids to form salt and water (neutralization reaction)
- Examples:
- Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH): Used in soap making
- Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂): Known as lime water
- Ammonium Hydroxide (NH₄OH): Used in household cleaners
Salts
- Ionic compounds formed by the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base
- Consist of positive ions (cations) from the base and negative ions (anions) from the acid
- Properties:
- Generally have a salty taste
- Many salts are soluble in water, but some are not
- Conduct electricity in molten state or when dissolved in water
- Many salts form crystalline solids
- Examples:
- Sodium Chloride (NaCl): Common table salt
- Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃): Found in limestone and marble
- Potassium Nitrate (KNO₃): Used in fertilizers
Neutralization Reaction
- Occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt and water
- Represented as: Acid + Base → Salt + Water
- Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
pH Scale
- Measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14
- Acidic Solutions: pH < 7
- Neutral Solutions: pH = 7
- Basic Solutions: pH > 7
- Indicators:
- Litmus Paper: Blue litmus turns red in acidic solutions, and red litmus turns blue in basic solutions
- Phenolphthalein: Colorless in acidic solutions, pink in basic solutions
- Methyl Orange: Red in acidic solutions, yellow in basic solutions
Importance in Daily Life
- Acids:
- Hydrochloric Acid: Aids in digestion in the stomach
- Citric Acid: Found in citrus fruits, used in food and beverages
- Bases:
- Sodium Hydroxide: Used in soap and detergent manufacturing
- Calcium Hydroxide: Used in the treatment of acidic soils
- Salts:
- Sodium Chloride: Essential for human diet, used as a preservative
- Ammonium Nitrate: Used in fertilizers to enhance soil fertility
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Description
Comprehensive explanation of acids, bases, and salts for Class 10 ICSE students, covering definitions, properties, and reactions.
