Class 1-5 Flashcards: Visual Processing Terms
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Questions and Answers

What does Oculomotor control refer to?

  • Learning to link stimuli
  • Eye movement (correct)
  • Sound related processing
  • Meaning related processing
  • What is visual processing mainly concerned with?

  • Sound processing
  • Meaning interpretation
  • Memory retention
  • Color and form (correct)
  • Which of the following is involved in phonological processing?

  • Letters (correct)
  • Sound related processing
  • General knowledge
  • None of the above
  • What does morphological and semantic processing relate to?

    <p>Meaning related processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Donders' work in psychology?

    <p>He measured decision-making times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the reaction time (RT) experiment measure?

    <p>Interval between stimulus and response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cognitive map?

    <p>A mental representation of the layout of one's environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Behaviorism focuses on internal mental processes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following psychologists with their contributions:

    <p>Wundt = Established the first scientific psychology lab Ebbinghaus = Studied memory using nonsense syllables Skinner = Argued for operant conditioning Chomsky = Critiqued language learning as mere imitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for the phrase 'the magical number 7, plus or minus 2'?

    <p>Miller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of neurons in the human body?

    <p>86 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does EEG provide information about?

    <p>Temporal information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Oculomotor Control and Visual Processing

    • Oculomotor control refers to eye movements, involving perception, attention, and memory.
    • Visual processing encompasses the interpretation of color and form, also engaging perception, attention, and memory.

    Orthographic and Phonological Processing

    • Orthographic processing involves recognizing letters, related to attention and memory.
    • Phonological processing is concerned with sound, connecting to attention and memory as well.

    Morphological, Semantic, and Syntactic Processing

    • Morphological and semantic processing focus on meaning, linking with attention and memory.
    • Syntactic processing relates to the structure of language, requiring attention and memory for comprehension.

    Pragmatic Processing and Cognitive Functions

    • Pragmatic processing addresses the context of communication, like probing the reason behind a professor's question.
    • Broad cognitive processes include perception, attention, memory, language, and complex tasks such as problem solving and decision-making.

    Understanding the Mind and Cognition

    • The mind encompasses systems for processing mental functions including perception, memory, emotions, and reasoning.
    • Cognition refers to the mental processes that characterize how the mind creates reality, consisting of perception, attention, and memory.

    Key Figures and Historical Perspectives

    • Donders (1868) pioneered the measurement of decision-making time, emphasizing reaction times as a key cognitive metric.
    • The Reaction Time (RT) Experiment assesses the time from stimulus presentation to response.
    • Ebbinghaus (1885/1913) studied memory retention and forgetting through nonsense syllables, establishing the savings curve concept.

    Behaviorism and Conditioning

    • John Watson promoted behaviorism, focusing on observable behavior and reactions, exemplified by the Little Albert study.
    • Classical conditioning involves linking stimuli to predict events, while operant conditioning connects behaviors with their consequences.

    Learning Theories

    • Tolman introduced concepts of latent learning and cognitive mapping, demonstrating that learning occurs without immediate display.
    • Skinner linked verbal behavior to operant conditioning, suggesting that children learn language through imitation and reinforcement.

    Paradigms and Technological Advances

    • Paradigms denote the methodologies used in various psychological schools of thought, shifting with technological progress.
    • The advent of digital computers initiated a major paradigm shift in understanding cognition and mind processes.

    Attention and Cognitive Processing

    • Cherry (1953) explored selective attention, illustrating how individuals can focus on specific messages amidst competing stimuli.
    • Broadbent (1958) created the first flow diagram of mental processes, depicting how attention is directed to stimuli.

    Cognitive Science Emergence

    • 1956 is marked as the birth year of cognitive science, centered around a crucial MIT symposium on information theory, leading to advancements in cognitive psychology.
    • Ulrich Neisser published the first cognitive psychology textbook in 1976, primarily addressing perception.

    Memory Models

    • Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed a three-stage model of memory: sensory memory (瞬間的), short-term memory (limited), and long-term memory (durable).
    • Tulving distinguished between semantic (general knowledge) and episodic (event-specific) memory within the realm of long-term memory.

    Neuroscience and Imaging Technologies

    • Electrophysiology examines the electrical activities of the nervous system, while brain imaging technologies (PET, fMRI) visualize brain activity during cognitive tasks.
    • EEG provides insights regarding the timing of cognitive processes, whereas fMRI offers spatial location data concerning brain activity.

    Neuronal Structure and Function

    • The Neuron Doctrine asserts that individual nerve cells transmit signals independently rather than being continuous.
    • The human body contains approximately 86 billion neurons, forming around 160 trillion connections to facilitate communication within the nervous system.

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    Description

    This quiz features flashcards focused on key terms related to visual and phonological processing for students in classes 1 to 5. Each card provides essential definitions that help in understanding the concepts of eye movement, visual processing, and orthographic recognition. Perfect for reinforcing foundational knowledge in perception and attention.

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