Civil War and Reconstruction Overview

Stonewall Jackson = Confederate general Ulysses S. Grant = Union general at Shiloh Frederick Douglass = Abolitionist orator Andrew Foote = Union general who captured Fort Henry

Casualties = People killed or wounded in battle Emancipation Proclamation = Document freeing enslaved people in rebel-held territories Ironclad ship = Type of warship used in naval battles Mississippi River control = Strategic goal for dividing Confederate states

Battle of Shiloh = Union/North won Capture of Fort Henry = Achieved by Ulysses S. Grant & Andrew Foote Emancipation Proclamation = Freed enslaved persons in rebel territories Mississippi River control = Disrupted Confederate supply lines

<p>Lincoln = Used wartime powers to free enslaved people Frederick Douglass = Advocated for abolition Ulysses S. Grant = Led Union forces at Shiloh Stonewall Jackson = Fought as a Confederate general</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lincoln's wartime authority = Taking property from an enemy Emancipation Proclamation = Rights related to slavery and freedom Battle of Shiloh = Resulted in heavy casualties Control of Mississippi River = Military advantage strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Merrimack = Ironclad ship Monitor = Countered the Merrimack Virginia = Another name for the Merrimack Alabama = Notable Confederate warship</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abolitionist = One who opposes slavery Casualties = Total of killed and wounded Ironclad ship = Steam-propelled warship armored with iron Fort Henry = Significant capture by Union forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ulysses S. Grant = Union general at Shiloh Stonewall Jackson = Famous Confederate commander Frederick Douglass = Voice for emancipation and equality Andrew Foote = Co-led capture of Fort Henry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abraham Lincoln = Republican Party Stephen Douglass = Northern Democratic Party Breckinridge = Southern Democratic Party Jefferson Davis = President of the Confederate States</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attack on Fort Sumter = Starting point of the Civil War Battle of Gettysburg = Major Union victory Surrender at Appomattox Court House = End of the Civil War Vicksburg = Union control of the Mississippi River</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Union = Larger population Confederacy = Home territory advantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>States' rights = Right to control own affairs Economic interests = Agricultural economy reliant on slavery Cultural differences = Separate social structures Fear of federal control = Concern over loss of autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Battle of Chancellorsville = Stonewall Jackson Battle of Gettysburg = General Meade Vicksburg Campaign = Ulysses S. Grant Total War Strategy = William Tecumseh Sherman</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yankees = Northern soldiers Rebels = Southern soldiers Bluecoats = Union army soldiers Grays = Confederate army soldiers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaconda Plan = Union strategy to capture Richmond Charity of War = Support for soldiers' families Attrition = Strategy to exhaust enemy forces Civilian Draft = Enforcement of military enlistment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abraham Lincoln = Delivered the Gettysburg Address George Pickett = Led charge at Cemetery Ridge Robert E. Lee = Confederate General Jefferson Davis = Presidential role in Confederacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>54th Massachusetts Regiment = Demonstrated African American bravery Secession = Withdrawal from the Union Fort Sumter = First conflict of the Civil War Gettysburg Address = Speech emphasizing unity and freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eli Whitney = Invented the cotton gin Cyrus McCormick = Invented the mechanical reaper Samuel Morse = Invented a series of dots and dashes for telegraphs John Deere = Invented the steel-tipped plow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Famine = An extreme shortage of food Prejudice = Unfair opinions Trade unions = Organization of workers with the same skills Discrimination = Unfair treatment of a group</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nativists = Opposed to immigration Yeomen = Largest group of whites in the South owning small farms Tenant farmers = Rented land or worked hard for landlords Field Hands = Most enslaved people on plantations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanical Reaper = Made growing wheat more profitable Erie Canal = Opened new shipping routes by connecting lakes and rivers Steam locomotive = Changed river travel with faster transportation Sewing machine = Revolutionized clothing production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Great Potato Famine = Caused many Irish immigrants to come to the U.S. Nat Turner’s Rebellion = Led to stricter slave codes in the South The formation of trade unions = Brought attention to workers' rights The introduction of the cotton gin = Increased cotton processing significantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Robert Fulton = Had a steamboat called the Clermont Peter Cooper = Built the first U.S. steam locomotive Harriet Tubman = Led many enslaved to freedom Joseph Reid Anderson = Associated with Tredegar Iron Works</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Credit = A form of loan Capital = Money to invest in businesses Fixed costs = Regular expenses Agriculture = Main source of income for the South</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deep South = Grew sugarcane Upper South = Produced tobacco Midwest = Famous for wheat production Southeast = Mainly cultivated cotton</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Know-Nothing Party = Wanted to decrease immigration Lowell Female Labor Reform Organization = Fought for women's labor rights American Party = Formed to oppose immigration Underground Railroad = Network to help enslaved persons escape</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One-third = Percentage of Southern plantations enslaved in 1860 About one-half = Percentage of nonslaveholding whites in the South 300 miles = Distance a clipper ship could travel in a day The Tom Thumb = Name of a famous steam-powered locomotive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stonewall Jackson = Confederate general Ulysses S. Grant = Union general at Shiloh Frederick Douglass = Abolitionist orator Mary Edwards Walker = First female Union army surgeon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Battle of Shiloh = Union victory Capture of New Orleans = Loss of key port for Confederacy First Battle of Bull Run = Longer than expected war Emancipation Proclamation = Freed enslaved people in rebel territories</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clara Barton = Nurse Dorothea Dix = Nurse and Superintendent Sally Tompkins = Only female officer in the Confederate army Rose Greenhow = Southern spy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Battle of Antietam = Failed to gain European support for Confederacy Battle of Shiloh = Showed the high cost of war Battle of Bull Run = Indicated a protracted conflict ahead Capture of New Orleans = Blow to Confederate supply lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elmira = Union prisoner of war camp in New York Andersonville = Confederate prisoner of war camp Merrimack = Ironclad ship Mississippi River = Key strategic waterway during the war</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50% = Percentage of children not attending school for work Diseases = Most common reason for prisoner deaths Union/North = Winner of the Battle of Shiloh Civil War = War most fought on Southern soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emancipation Proclamation = Freed enslaved individuals in rebel areas Constitutional right during wartime = To take property from the enemy Draft = Selection system for military service Greenbacks = Another name for Northern paper money</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Andrew Foote = Union general at Fort Henry Women = Took over factory and farm jobs during war Mary Edwards Walker = Received Congressional Medal of Honor Inflation = Related to economic decline in money value</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suspension of habeas corpus = Concerns about Union citizen safety New York City draft riots = Reaction to the Emancipation Proclamation Civil War fighting on Southern land = Greater impact on daily life in the South Union control of the Mississippi = To disrupt Confederate supply lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lee's attack at Gettysburg = Win French and British support as allies Thirteenth Amendment = Banned slavery in the United States Appomattox Courthouse = Provided food for starving Rebel soldiers Union control of the Mississippi River = Splitting the South in two</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sojourner Truth = Speaker in the abolition movement William Lloyd Garrison = Founded The Liberator Frederick Douglass = Powerful abolitionist speaker and newspaper editor Angelina Grimke = Southerner against slavery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fugitive Slave Act = Increased abolitionist activities in the North California's application as a free state = Compromise of 1850 John Brown's raid = Some considered him a hero Abolitionist movement shift in the 1830s = Demanding immediate freedom for enslaved people</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abolitionists = People who opposed slavery and worked to end it Underground Railroad = Network of escape routes for slaves Bleeding Kansas = Violent clashes between abolitionists and supporters of slavery American Colonization Society = Effort to resettle free African Americans in Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elijah Lovejoy = Killed by angry whites at his newspaper office Sarah and Angelina Grimke = First women to speak out publicly against slavery General Grant = Accepted Lee's surrender at Appomattox Union troops = Gained control of the Mississippi River</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Northern views toward slavery post-Fugitive Slave Act = Increased abolitionist activities Response to Garrison's publication = Fiery editorials and articles denouncing slavery Compromise of 1850 outcome = Californian free state application Dred Scott v. Sandford ruling = Extended rights of slaveholders into free states</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sisters against slavery = Sarah and Angelina Grimke Abolitionist reaction to John Brown = Varied opinions on his heroism Underground Railroad conductor = Moving runaways safely from station to station Majority of white Northerners' view = Opposition to abolition due to fears of assimilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lee's tactics = Attempt to gain external support during the war Passing of the Thirteenth Amendment = Legal end of slavery in the U.S. General Grant's actions = Humanitarian aid to Confederate soldiers post-surrender Kansas nickname = Reflecting violent conflict over slavery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abolition movement's change = Shifted to immediate freedom demands William Lloyd Garrison's influence = Steering public opinion with The Liberator Fugitive Slave Act consequences = Enforcement of slaveholder rights in free areas Mississippi River control = Strategic victory for the Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sojourner Truth = Inspiring speaker for abolition Frederick Douglass = Leader among escaped slaves advocating for civil rights Elijah Lovejoy = Martyr for freedom of the press Angelina Grimke = Challenger of Southern norms regarding slavery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lyman Beecher = Temperance movement Horace Mann = Education Dorothea Dix = Prison and mental health reform Lucretia Mott = Women's rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>13th Amendment = Banned slavery 14th Amendment = Equal protection under the law 15th Amendment = Voting rights regardless of race 19th Amendment = Women granted the right to vote</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thomas Gallaudet = Opened the Hartford School for the Deaf Samuel G Howe = Headed the Perkins Institute for the visually impaired Elizabeth Cady Stanton = Organized the Seneca Falls Convention Frederick Douglass = Abolitionist and advocate for women's rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utopias = Communities based on idealistic vision Camp meetings = Religious gatherings attracting many Slave Codes = Laws governing enslaved people Ku Klux Klan = White supremacist group</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sojourner Truth = Gender and racial equality Sarah Anthony = Co-education and temperance Lucretia Mott = Women’s rights Dorthea Dix = Mental health reform</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1619 = First enslaved Africans brought to America 1868 = Ulysses S. Grant won the election 1920 = 19th Amendment passed 1854 = Formation of the Republican Party</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lincoln’s plan = 10% oath and new state constitutions Radical Republicans = Demanded stricter measures for Reconstruction Andrew Johnson = Vetoed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 Congress = Overrode Johnson’s veto</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Freedmen's Bureau = Helping African Americans adjust post-slavery The Tenure of Office Act = Preventing presidents from removing officials 1st Reconstruction Act = Military governance of Southern states Civil Rights Act of 1866 = Protecting African Americans' rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ulysses S. Grant = Republican who won the election of 1868 Abraham Lincoln = Assassinated president during Reconstruction Radical Republicans = Called for tougher policies during Reconstruction Andrew Johnson = President who differed from Lincoln's plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slave Codes = Preventing enslaved people from voting The Civil Rights Act of 1866 = Granting citizenship and rights The 13th Amendment = Ending slavery The 14th Amendment = Equal protection under law</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Republican Party = Opposed the expansion of slavery Democrat Party = Supported states' rights regarding slavery Radical Republicans = Advocated severe measures for Reconstruction Moderate Republicans = Preferred a more lenient approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amnesty = A pardon for crimes during the war Co-education = Education of both genders together Tempérance = Movement against alcohol consumption Reconstruction = The period of rebuilding the South after the Civil War</p> Signup and view all the answers