Civil Rights Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the main condition under which the privacy of communication and correspondence can be violated?

Approval from governmental authorities.

Public safety or order requires otherwise. (correct)

Lawful order of the court. (correct)

General consent of the involved parties.

Which right is explicitly affirmed against discriminatory practices?

Right to form unions and associations.

Freedom of religion and its exercise. (correct)

Right to access public information.

Right to change one's place of abode.

Under what circumstance can the right to travel be impaired?

Interest of national security or public health. (correct)

Economic reasons impacting public interest.

Personal choice to restrict movement.

Any decision made by the government.

What principle ensures that private property cannot be taken without compensation?

Eminent domain. Signup and view all the answers

What must occur for a person to waive their rights under investigation?

A signed declaration in the presence of counsel. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rights is explicitly acknowledged regarding evidence obtained unlawfully?

It shall be inadmissible in any legal proceedings. Signup and view all the answers

Which rights are protected regarding the formation of unions?

For purposes not contrary to the law. Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for a person to receive legal assistance if they cannot afford a lawyer?

Provision of a counsel at no cost. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a majority of the Cabinet declares the President unable to discharge his duties?

The Vice-President assumes powers as Acting President. Signup and view all the answers

How long does the Congress have to assemble if it is not in session after a Cabinet declaration?

48 hours Signup and view all the answers

What majority is required for Congress to determine the President's inability to perform his duties?

Two-thirds of both Houses voting separately Signup and view all the answers

What must happen after the President transmits a declaration stating no inability exists?

The President automatically reassumes his duties without opposition. Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame within which the President must submit a report to Congress after proclaiming martial law?

Forty-eight hours Signup and view all the answers

What happens if Congress does not make a determination within ten days of receiving the Cabinet's declaration?

The President continues exercising his powers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum vote required for Congress to revoke a proclamation of martial law?

A simple majority of all its members Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions can Congress extend a proclamation of martial law?

If public safety requires and rebellion or invasion persists Signup and view all the answers

Which members of the Cabinet are denied access to the President during a serious illness?

Members in charge of national security and foreign relations. Signup and view all the answers

Who has the authority to review the sufficiency of the factual basis for the proclamation of martial law?

The Supreme Court upon citizen petition Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT permitted during the tenure of the President, Vice-President, or Cabinet members?

Engaging in charitable work. Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial for avoiding conflicts of interest for government officials during their tenure?

They must not be financially interested in government contracts. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence if a person arrested under martial law is not judicially charged within three days?

They shall be released Signup and view all the answers

Which bodies or functions are not supplanted by a state of martial law?

The Constitution and civil courts Signup and view all the answers

What powers does the President have regarding reprieves and pardons?

May grant except in cases of impeachment Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the President to contract foreign loans on behalf of the Republic?

Prior concurrence of the Monetary Board Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame within which the Supreme Court must decide on cases filed after the effectivity of the Constitution?

Twenty-four months Signup and view all the answers

Which entity is responsible for issuing a certification if a decision is not rendered within the mandatory period?

The Chief Justice or presiding judge Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum duration for lower collegiate courts to resolve cases as stated in the provisions?

Twelve months Signup and view all the answers

Which commission is NOT considered a Constitutional Commission as per the provisions?

Department of Justice Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be met regarding the salary of the Chairman and Commissioners during their tenure?

It shall not be decreased Signup and view all the answers

What action must the court take despite the expiration of the applicable mandatory period?

Decide or resolve the case without further delay Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Constitutional Commissions is highlighted in the provisions concerning their operations?

Independence Signup and view all the answers

What is the required time frame for lower courts to resolve cases as specified in the provisions?

Three months Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Judicial and Bar Council?

To recommend appointees to the Judiciary Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the President to make appointments to the Judiciary?

A list of at least three nominees from the Judicial and Bar Council Signup and view all the answers

What must happen to the salary of judges during their time in office?

It must be fixed by law and cannot be decreased Signup and view all the answers

Until what age do Members of the Supreme Court and judges of lower courts hold office?

70 years Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a court's decision to be rendered?

Clear expression of facts and law in the decision Signup and view all the answers

Which body has the power to discipline judges of lower courts?

The Supreme Court en banc Signup and view all the answers

What must be stated by any Member of the Supreme Court who dissents from a decision?

The reason for dissenting Signup and view all the answers

How is the annual budget appropriated for the Judicial and Bar Council determined?

By the annual budget of the Supreme Court Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Privacy and Communication Rights

Communication privacy is inviolable except by lawful court order or for public safety.
Evidence obtained in violation of privacy rights is inadmissible in legal proceedings.

Freedom of Expression and Assembly

Freedom of speech, expression, and press cannot be abridged by law.
Right to peacefully assemble and petition government for grievances is guaranteed.

Religious Freedom

No law shall establish a religion or prohibit its free exercise.
Religious practices are protected without discrimination, and no religious test is required for civil rights.

Rights to Abode and Travel

Freedom of residence and right to travel can only be impaired by court order or in interests of security, safety, or health.

Right to Information

Citizens have the right to information on public matters and access to official records, subject to legal limitations.

Right to Form Associations

Individuals can form unions and societies for lawful purposes without legal restrictions.

Property Rights

Private property cannot be taken for public use without fair compensation.

Contract Obligations

Laws cannot impair the obligations of contracts.

Access to Justice

Right to access courts and legal assistance cannot be denied due to poverty.

Rights of the Accused

Individuals under investigation have the right to be informed of their right to remain silent and to legal counsel.
Counsel must be provided for those unable to afford it, and rights cannot be waived without proper conditions.

Presidential Succession

If the President is declared unable to perform duties, the Vice President assumes the role.
Congress resolves disputes about presidential capacity and can revoke or extend martial law declarations.

Martial Law and Judicial Review

Martial law does not suspend the Constitution or civil court functions.
Individuals detained during martial law must be charged within three days or released.

Presidential Powers

The President can grant reprieves, pardons, and amnesty with congressional concurrence.
The President may contract foreign loans with prior monetary board approval.

Judicial Appointments and Conduct

Supreme Court members are appointed by the President from a list provided by the Judicial and Bar Council without the need for confirmation.
Supreme Court salaries cannot be decreased during tenure.

Judicial Discipline

The Supreme Court holds the power to discipline lower court judges.
Court decisions must clearly outline facts and legal rationale, and all cases must be resolved within specified timeframes.

Constitutional Commissions

Independent commissions include the Civil Service Commission, Commission on Elections, and Commission on Audit.
Members of these commissions cannot hold other offices or engage in businesses that may conflict with their duties.

Fiscal Autonomy and Appointments

The commissions have the authority to appoint their officials and enjoy fiscal independence.
Salaries of commission chairpersons and members are determined by law and cannot be reduced during their tenure.

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Description

This quiz covers essential aspects of civil rights, including communication privacy, freedom of expression, religious freedom, and the right to travel. Understand the rights guaranteed to individuals and the limitations imposed by law. Test your knowledge on the fundamental civil liberties that protect citizens in society.