Civil Rights Movement Overview
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary outcome of Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat in Montgomery, Alabama?

  • The initiation of the Montgomery Bus Boycott (correct)
  • The integration of public transport
  • The establishment of the NAACP
  • The passing of the Civil Rights Act

    • What strategy did the NAACP employ to challenge segregation publicly?

  • Silent marches in key cities
  • Litigation through equalization suits (correct)
  • Lobbying government officials
  • Violent protests and demonstrations

    • Which of the following describes the concept of 'group consciousness'?

  • Belief that group membership is irrelevant to politics
  • The perception of one’s group status as politically relevant (correct)
  • The awareness of one's economic status in society
  • An emotional attachment to a recreational group

    • What is a key argument in favor of implementing quotas in political representation?

    <p>They provide a role model effect for underrepresented groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'self-categorization' refer to in social identity theory?

    <p>The recognition of one's own group as distinct and relevant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Supreme Court case legalized gay marriage across the United States?

    <p>Obergefell v. Hodges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the criticisms of quotas in political representation?

    <p>They restrict voters' choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant focus of the NAACP's litigation strategy?

    <p>Proving the inadequacy of 'separate but equal' doctrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the electoral vote in the presidential election process?

    <p>To determine the winner based on state-by-state votes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are electors for the electoral college selected?

    <p>State parties nominate electors based on the number of representatives and senators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of electors a state can have in the electoral college?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario might a candidate win the nationwide popular vote but lose the presidency?

    <p>If they fail to receive the majority of electoral votes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor influences the number of electoral votes allocated to each state?

    <p>The number of representatives plus 2 senators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do voters officially choose their electors in the presidential election process?

    <p>On the general election day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the final step of the electoral vote process?

    <p>Electors meet to cast their votes in their respective states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument supporters of originalism make regarding stability in the legal system?

    <p>It preserves the Constitution's original meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following justices is NOT commonly known as an originalist?

    <p>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key criticism of originalism regarding social change?

    <p>It does not adapt to contemporary issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concern do opponents of originalism express regarding the judicial branch?

    <p>It may lead to selective application of historical interpretations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do proponents of originalism perceive the judicial branch's role in relation to legislation?

    <p>It should avoid legislating and stick to interpretations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Supreme Court in ruling on cases?

    <p>To determine the constitutionality of laws and actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a case typically reach the Supreme Court?

    <p>Via a lower court that escalates the case.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'stare decisis' refer to in the context of Supreme Court decisions?

    <p>The principle of reviewing past rulings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant implication of the Supreme Court's rulings?

    <p>They establish legal precedents that lower courts must follow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation exists regarding the tenure of Supreme Court justices?

    <p>They can be impeached but serve for life under good behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'writ of certiorari' signify?

    <p>An order by the Supreme Court to review a lower court's decision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen to a Supreme Court justice who is convicted of a crime?

    <p>They can be impeached and removed from office.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context does the Supreme Court apply broader principles when deciding cases?

    <p>When establishing precedents that may affect future rulings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge is presented by implementing term limits for Supreme Court justices?

    <p>It conflicts with the Constitution's established terms of service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who decides the members of the conference committee in the House?

    <p>The speaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the majority and minority leaders cannot agree on the members of the conference committee in the Senate?

    <p>The committee disbands and the bill dies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for a person to become president of the United States?

    <p>Must be a natural-born citizen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can a U.S. President serve in office, according to the 22nd amendment?

    <p>Two four-year terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'constituency' in the context of U.S. politics?

    <p>The group of people a politician serves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How frequently do members of the House of Representatives run for election?

    <p>Every two years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs after the conference committee agrees on a new compromise bill?

    <p>It must be voted on by both chambers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum age requirement for a U.S. president to assume office?

    <p>35 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows a president to enact laws without going through Congress?

    <p>Executive orders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action can a new president take regarding their predecessor's executive orders?

    <p>The new president can invalidate them with their own executive orders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an action that courts can take concerning executive orders?

    <p>Courts can overturn an executive order if it is outside the president's scope of power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for Congress to override a presidential veto of a bill?

    <p>A two-thirds majority in both houses of Congress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to Biden's executive order on student debt cancellation?

    <p>It was overturned by the Supreme Court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are federal judges and ambassadors typically nominated by the president?

    <p>Based on the president's political affiliations and beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between executive orders and Congress?

    <p>Executive orders can be overridden by Congress through legislation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of executive orders issued by different presidents?

    <p>They are often reversed or replaced by subsequent presidents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if an executive order is deemed outside of presidential power?

    <p>It can be challenged and overturned by the courts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a president choose specific individuals for nominations?

    <p>To nominate trusted allies who share similar beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is NOT associated with executive orders?

    <p>Creating new laws through legislation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Civil Rights Movement

    • Events like tear gas and horse trampling sparked outrage.
    • Lunch counter sit-ins were a significant part of the movement (discussed previously).
    • Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her bus seat in Montgomery, Alabama (1955) initiated the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
    • This boycott, lasting 381 days, protested segregation.
    • The NAACP employed litigation strategies to challenge segregation.
    • They focused on education through lawsuits claiming inequality under the "separate but equal" doctrine. This was problematic as it required expensive equalization of facilities, essentially prompting the end of segregation.
    • The Civil Rights Act of 1875, which granted equal access to public accommodations regardless of race, was later deemed unconstitutional.
    • The Civil War Amendments (13th, 14th, and 15th) played a crucial role in the movement, abolishing slavery and establishing equal rights and voting rights, respectively. However, these provisions faced challenges and continued resistance.

    Group Identity

    • Objective Membership: Determined by group affiliation (e.g., being part of a group).
    • Group Identification: Psychological connection to a group.
    • Group Consciousness: Viewing group membership as politically relevant due to potential marginalization.
    • Theories of Group Identity:
      • Social Identity Theory (Tajfel and Turner) explains group identification.
      • Self-categorization is crucial in group identification.
      • Intersectionality highlights how multiple identities (e.g., race, gender) interact to shape the experience of discrimination.

    Quotas for Representation

    • Quotas are contentious for achieving representation (e.g., in Rwanda).
    • Potential benefits of quotas include: role models, descriptive representation, substantive representation, improving quality of elected officials.
    • Potential drawbacks include: being seen as anti-democratic, restricting voters' choices, implying that groups cannot succeed without assistance.
    • There's limited cross-national evidence regarding the effectiveness of quotas.
    • Quotas can be implemented in different stages (e.g., aspiration stage, candidate stage, election stage) with various approaches in various countries.

    Obergefell v. Hodges

    • Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) made gay marriage legal nationwide.
    • The ruling could be vulnerable to being overturned, paralleling the overturning of Roe v. Wade.
    • The Respect for Marriage Act (2022) established federal protection for same-sex marriages.

    Don't Ask, Don't Tell

    • The "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy (DADT) allowed non-heterosexual individuals to serve in the military without disclosing their sexuality.
    • DADT was in effect until 2010.

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    Description

    Explore key events and concepts surrounding the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. From Rosa Parks' pivotal act of defiance to the NAACP's legal strategies against segregation, this quiz covers essential aspects of group identity and social movements. Test your knowledge on the historical significance and psychological theories related to group dynamics.

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