Civil Engineering Section 203 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What primary function does a retaining wall serve?

  • Resist lateral displacement of soil (correct)
  • Prevent earthquake damage
  • Support vertical structures
  • Distribute live loads evenly

    • Which load is referred to as 'D' in the symbols and notations?

  • Dynamic load
  • Duration load
  • Dead load (correct)
  • Design load

    • In load combinations, what does the factor '1.2' generally signify?

  • A standard increase for dead loads (correct)
  • Minimum load consideration
  • A reduction factor for live loads
  • Maximum allowable stress

    • Under which load combination would ponding load 'P' be factored?

    <p>1.2 * P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What combination represents the equation for basic load combinations using strength design?

    <p>1.4(D)(F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the factor 'f1' in the load combinations?

    <p>It adjusts live load values based on usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which load would directly influence the structural design in areas prone to earthquakes?

    <p>Earthquake load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'H' represent in the symbols and notations?

    <p>Lateral pressure of soil and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is included in the definition of dead loads?

    <p>Material weights incorporated in the structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic load combination that includes dead load and live load?

    <p><em>D</em> + <em>F</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be used to determine dead loads if actual weights of materials are not available?

    <p>Minimum values from specific tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which load combination should be used for structures in places of public assembly?

    <p>1.2<em>D</em> + <em>f1</em>L* + 1.0<em>Em</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the variable f1 represent in the seismic load combinations?

    <p>Live load adjustment factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should floors in buildings with changeable partition locations be designed?

    <p>To support a uniformly distributed dead load of 1.0 kPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a basic load combination listed for allowable stress design?

    <p><em>D</em> + <em>H</em> + 1.0<em>Em</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum effect of horizontal and vertical forces denoted as?

    <p><em>Em</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum design load for live loads according to the guidelines?

    <p>At least the load requirements detailed in the section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum factor by which retaining walls must resist sliding?

    <p>1.5 times the lateral force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does base shear represent in structural design during an earthquake?

    <p>The total design lateral force at the base of a structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a moment-resisting frame?

    <p>To withstand seismic forces primarily by flexure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly defines 'story drift'?

    <p>The lateral displacement of one level relative to adjacent levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the seismic zone factor Z assigned to a structure?

    <p>As determined by Table 208-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which seismic zone is the majority of the Philippine archipelago located?

    <p>Zone 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an equivalent fluid pressure of 4.7 kPa represent in retaining wall design?

    <p>The fluid weight per meter of depth of retained soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an admixture in concrete?

    <p>To modify the properties of the concrete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'development length' refer to?

    <p>The length of embedded reinforcement needed to develop design strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the design base shear?

    <p>It must not exceed a certain amount determined by the design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of columns, what is the height-to-least lateral dimension ratio requirement?

    <p>3 or greater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an effective depth of section in concrete?

    <p>Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the design story drift ratio?

    <p>It is the difference in design displacement relative to story height.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is categorized as aggregate used in concrete?

    <p>Coarse aggregate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For structures in Seismic Zone 4, what is expected regarding base shear calculations?

    <p>Calculated base shear must meet or exceed a minimum threshold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a condition for using approximate moments and shears in the design of continuous beams?

    <p>Loads must be uniformly distributed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following equations correctly represents the required strength U based on dead load D and live load L?

    <p>U = 1.4(D + F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maximum ratio of moment to axial load should be considered in column design?

    <p>The maximum ratio from factored loads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions allows an unfactored live load L to exceed three times the unfactored dead load D?

    <p>None of the conditions allow this</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the condition concerning two or more spans in continuous beam design?

    <p>It qualifies for the use of alternate load calculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario can a column be designed without considering adjacent spans?

    <p>There are no scenarios in which this is acceptable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation includes a variable for wind load among the factors for determining required strength U?

    <p>U = 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the conditions that must be satisfied for members being designed to use approximate moments and shears?

    <p>Unfactored live load must not exceed three times dead load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Retaining Wall and Load Combinations

    • Retaining walls are designed to counteract lateral soil displacement.
    • Structures must endure specified load combinations found in Sections 203.3 and 203.4.
    • Additional seismic load combinations are specified in Section 203.5.

    Symbols and Notations

    • Dead load (D) signifies the weight of all construction materials.
    • Earthquake load (E) is determined per Section 208.5.1.1.
    • Maximum earthquake force (Em) represents estimated peak force on the structure.
    • Lateral soil and water pressure is captured by load (H).
    • Live load (L) excludes roof live load, while roof live load is represented as Lr.
    • Ponding load (P) and rain load (R) relate to water accumulation on structures.
    • Wind load (W) pertains to pressures exerted by wind.

    Load Combinations Using Strength Design

    • Structures using strength design must resist critical effects from specified factored loads.
    • Key combinations include:
      • 1.4(D)(F)
      • 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5(Lr or R)
      • Combinations involving wind (W) and earthquake loads (E).

    Load Combinations Using Allowable Stress Design

    • Allowable stress design combines loads for critical effects, including:
      • D + F
      • D + H + F + L + T
    • Increased loads account for variations in design approaches.

    Special Seismic Load Combinations

    • Specific combinations for seismic design are outlined per Sections 208 or Chapters 3-7.
    • Include factors based on live loads for assembly spaces and exceedances.

    Dead Loads

    • Dead loads encompass all materials in a structure including walls, floors, and static equipment.
    • Design must utilize actual material weights or specified minimum values in design tables.

    Live Loads

    • Live loads are defined by expected maximum use or occupancy loads.
    • They must meet or exceed minimum required levels.

    Retaining Wall Design

    • Retaining walls must account for lateral soil pressure, with a minimum equivalent fluid pressure of 4.7 kPa per meter of soil depth.
    • Additional surcharge loads must be included in design calculations.
    • Design criteria require resistance against sliding and overturning forces, significantly increasing stability requirements.

    Wind Loads

    • Specific requirements for wind load assessments are established, providing safety margins for structures.

    Earthquake Loads

    • Base level is where earthquake forces are applied; base shear (V) refers to total design lateral force at the structure's base.
    • Structures are categorized into seismic zones; Philippines has two: Zone 2 (Palawan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi) and Zone 4 (remaining regions).
    • Design base shear must meet specific equations and criteria for different seismic zones.

    Key Concepts in Structural Design

    • Admixtures are added to concrete to enhance properties.
    • Columns primarily support axial compressive loads with specific height-to-dimension ratios.
    • Required design strength is calculated using factored loads and is reflected in equations across multiple sections.
    • Design considerations also include calculations for drift ratios, embedded reinforcement, and member stability during design evaluations.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on retaining walls and load combinations as outlined in Section 203. This quiz covers the fundamental concepts necessary for designing buildings and other vertical structures that can withstand various loads, including seismic. Prepare to delve into the specifics of dead loads, earthquake loads, and more!

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