Civil Engineering Measurements

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of an estimate?

To determine the feasibility of a project

To invite tenders and quotations

To control expenditure during the execution of work

All of the above (correct)

How are measurements of linear dimensions taken?

To the nearest 0.1m

To the nearest 1m

To the nearest 10m

To the nearest 0.01m (correct)

What is the purpose of a bill of quantities?

To describe the materials, proportions, workmanships (correct)

To invite tenders and quotations

To control expenditure during the execution of work

To determine the feasibility of a project

How are areas measured?

To the nearest 0.01 sq.m Signup and view all the answers

Why is estimation required?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How are cubic contents measured?

To the nearest 0.01 cum Signup and view all the answers

What is measured separately in case of masonry or structural concrete?

Categories, with heights described Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measurement rules?

To ensure accurate measurement of works Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of preparing detailed specifications in estimation?

To get a general idea of the building and its components Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of the estimated cost usually allotted for contingencies and unforeseen items?

1½ to 2% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preparing an abstract of estimate?

To summarize the total cost of the project Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between general specifications and detailed specifications?

General specifications provide a general idea of the building, while detailed specifications provide detailed descriptions of work items Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the work charged establishment?

To employ supervisors and work assistants on a temporary basis Signup and view all the answers

What is the long wall-short wall method used for?

To calculate the quantities of earth work, foundation concrete, and brickwork Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preparing drawings in estimation?

To provide a clear understanding of the project and its components Signup and view all the answers

What is the center line method suitable for?

Walls of similar cross sections Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the lump sum items?

Water supply, sanitary arrangements, electrical installations, and architectural features Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to have clear and complete drawings before preparing an estimate?

To ensure accurate calculation of quantities Signup and view all the answers

Which method of estimation is most suitable for walls with different thicknesses and different levels of foundations?

Partly centre line and partly cross wall method Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of preparing a detailed estimate?

To determine the cost of each item of work Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of estimated cost is allowed for petty supervision, contingencies, and unforeseen items?

4% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of abstract of estimated cost?

To determine the total cost of the project Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of working out the cost or rate per unit of each item?

Data Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor to be considered while preparing a detailed estimate?

Quantity and transportation of materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fixing the rate per unit of an item?

To determine the cost of materials and labor Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of estimated cost allowed for contingencies in approximate estimate?

5% to 10% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preparing an approximate estimate?

To decide the net income earned from a project Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of abstract of estimated cost?

Cost of each item of work Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Measurements and Rules

Measurements in construction projects are expressed in cubic meters for volume-based items like earthwork, cement concrete, and masonry.
The rules for measurement are described in IS-1200, with some general rules including:
- Measurement is made for finished items of work, including materials, transport, labor, fabrication tools, and overheads.
- Booking is done in sequence of length, breadth, and height or thickness.
- Tolerances are:
  - Linear measurement: nearest 0.01m
  - Area measurement: nearest 0.01 sq.m
  - Cubic contents: nearest 0.01 cum

Estimation and Costing

Estimation gives an idea of the cost of the work and helps determine its feasibility.
Estimate provides:
- Time required for completion of work
- Basis for inviting tenders and quotations
- Control over expenditure during execution
- Determination of whether the project can be taken up within available funds

Procedure of Estimating

The procedure involves:
1. Preparing a detailed estimate
2. Calculating the rate of each unit of work
3. Preparing an abstract of estimate
Data required for estimation includes:
1. Drawings (plans, elevations, sections)
2. Specifications
3. Rates

Drawings and Specifications

Drawings should be clear and complete to facilitate estimation.
Specifications include:
- General specifications: nature, quality, class, and work and materials in general terms
- Detailed specifications: quantities and qualities of materials, proportions, method of preparation, workmanship, and execution of work

Rates and Lumpsum

Rates are required for preparing an estimate, including:
1. Unit rates of each item of work
2. Rates of materials to be used in construction
3. Cost of transport materials
4. Wages of labor
Lumpsum items include:
1. Water supply and sanitary arrangements
2. Electrical installations
3. Architectural features
4. Contingencies and unforeseen items
A certain percentage of the estimated cost is allocated for lumpsum items.

Methods of Taking Out Quantities

Quantities can be worked out using:
1. Long wall-short wall method
2. Centre line method
3. Partly centre line and short wall method

Detailed Estimate

A detailed estimate consists of:
1. Working out quantities of various items of work
2. Determining the cost of each item
The preparation of a detailed estimate involves:
1. Details of measurements and calculation of quantities
2. Abstract of estimated cost
A detailed estimate should be accompanied by:
1. Report
2. Specification
3. Drawings
4. Design charts and calculations
5. Standard schedule of rates

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Description

This quiz covers the rules and guidelines for measuring civil engineering works, including cubical contents, earthwork, and more. It references the Indian Standard (IS) 1200 and covers various aspects of measurement, including materials, labor, and overheads.