Civil Engineering Concepts
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Questions and Answers

The presence of excessive amount of sulphuric and alkali materials in water used in reinforced concrete construction will result in ________?

Corrosion of steel reinforcement

In patching works using cold mix (Emulsified Asphalt SS-1 Aggregate Mix), what color of the mix indicates that it is ready for application?

  • Dark brown
  • Grayish
  • Black (correct)
  • Blue-white

    • What do you call the process of cutting the branches around a tree on the roadside to make them denser and grow straight?

    Pruning

    Match the following soil size distribution analysis methods:

    <p>Sieve analysis = Particle size distribution of coarse-grained soil Hydrometer analysis = Particle size distribution of coarse-grained soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amount withheld by the agency equivalent to 10% of the amount due to a contractor?

    <p>Retention money</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the soil classification with their characteristics:

    <p>Granular Materials = Classification of soil where 35% or less of particles pass through No. 200 sieve Silty Clay Materials = Classification of soil where 35% or more of particles pass through No. 200 sieve Clayey Materials = Evaluate the quality of soil as highway sub-grade material Group Index = Indicates good subbase materials when G.I. is equal to 20 Plasticity Index = Higher value indicates weaker soil performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unconfined compressive strength test is usually performed on ______ soils.

    <p>Clayey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test determines the pile bearing capacity by loading one or more piles and measuring settlement under load?

    <p>Pile load test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Higher value of Plasticity Index indicates stronger soil performance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum percent of A-6 group classification of soil?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two pronounced seasons, dry from November to April, wet during the rest of the year

    <p>Rainfall more or less distributed throughout the year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The catch up schedule reflects:

    <p>Accomplishment-duration relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The length of the stream is assumed one diagonal of this rectangle plus one-half of the shorter side of the rectangle, which is the:

    <p>Square root of the sum of the squares of longer side (L) and W plus half of W</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maximum length of ascending gradient which a loaded truck can operate without undue reduction in speed is called:

    <p>Ruling gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proper storage of cement must satisfy the following requirement with the exception of:

    <p>Warehouse should be located in an elevated place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dams are hydraulic structures constructed to:

    <p>Arrest scouring on meandering river sections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The depth of corrugation and roughened finish by brooming on the surface of a newly set concrete pavement should not be more than:

    <p>1.5 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following complements as a regulating flood control structure:

    <p>Groin and spur dike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of reinforcing steel is used for tie bars of a PCCP?

    <p>Deformed square bars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a contract is mutually terminated, the contractor is:

    <p>Allowed to submit bids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is item 505 in the DPWH Standard Specifications?

    <p>Riprap, grouted riprap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unless other sizes are shown in the plans, shoes for stone masonry should have a minimum thickness of:

    <p>150 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many core samples should be taken for thickness determination of a 2-kilometer, 2-lane concrete road pavement?

    <p>30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To avoid hitting a waterfall, realignment of the route must be done. Borings should be made on the proposed alignment at an average interval of:

    <p>250 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a field test in road construction?

    <p>Core boring test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Per program of work, the estimated volume of item 201 materials is 7,500 cubic meter. How many grading and plasticity test are required based on the DPWH minimum testing requirement?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the required thickness of Item 200 is 300 mm, the material may be spread and compacted in

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As practically possible, concrete mix should not be placed where this can be subject to manual dropping by not more than [ ] and where no other special tools and means are used.

    <p>2.5 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required minimum weight of the gravity hammer used in pile driving?

    <p>1800 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the value of G.I. is negative, what will be the soil performance?

    <p>Poor Subgrade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The weight of Sandy soil for Hydrometer Analysis is [ ].

    <p>50 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of soil in which most of the soil grains are of the same size?

    <p>Poorly graded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Percent passing loose for coarse aggregates when tested for clay lump is [ ].

    <p>0.25 mass percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mass percent passing loose for coarse aggregates when tested soft fragment is [ ].

    <p>0.10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If slag is used, the density of coarse aggregate is [ ].

    <p>1,120 kg/cu.m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mass percent loose for fine aggregates when tested in Clay lumps is [ ].

    <p>0.10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of cement which shall be transferred to an elevated, air tight, and weatherproof bins storage?

    <p>Portland Cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strength for load-bearing hollow blocks?

    <p>1000 psi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When mixed at the site or in a central mixing plant, the mixing time shall not be less than

    <p>30 seconds and 70 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The batches shall be so charged into the drum that a portion of the mixing water shall enter in advance of the cement and aggregate. The flow of water shall be uniform, and all water should be in the drum by the end of the [ ] of the mixing period.

    <p>10 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The time elapsed from the time water is added to the mix until the concrete is deposited at the site shall not exceed [ ] when concrete is hauled in the truck.

    <p>90 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The minimum percent compaction for embankment is [ ].

    <p>95.0 %</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The minimum percent compaction for base and Sub-base of the road is [ ].

    <p>100 %</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CBR value of aggregate base course is not less than ____ %.

    <p>80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CBR value of aggregate subbase course is not less than ____ %.

    <p>30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The minimum compressive strength for Class A concrete is 20.7 Mpa. How about Class C?

    <p>2,400 psi (16.7 Mpa)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If sea water is used in a concrete mix, what will be the effect on the hardened concrete pavement?

    <p>Strength is affected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which provision is not part of the job mix formula?

    <p>Index of retained strength value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Scaling of newly constructed concrete pavement is an evidence of inadequate quality control mainly due to high

    <p>Water cement ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The grade designation of a reinforcing steel bars is also its

    <p>Yield strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an engineering property of granular soils?

    <p>Susceptible to strength or volume change due to change in water content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an engineering property of fine grained soil?

    <p>Stable when subjected to load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The dividing size between coarse and fine aggregates used in asphalting is

    <p>No. 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The objective of designing the asphalt mixture is determination of

    <p>Penetration grade of asphalt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sample of reinforcing steel bars for every 10,000 kgs shall be

    <p>1 meter long</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given: Specific gravity = 2.305 Wet compressive strength = 1000 kpa Dry compressive strength = 1400 kpa. What is the percentage?

    <p>71.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For any proposed bridge site, the topographic and river surveys should be extended from the centerline of the bridge at least

    <p>100 to 200 upstream and downstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bridge Construction and Materials

    • Topographic and river surveys for a proposed bridge site should be extended from the centerline of the bridge at least 300m upstream and downstream.
    • The simplest type of superstructure of a concrete bridge with a limited span of 8 meters is a reinforced concrete slab.
    • Types of caisson foundations include pneumatic, box, and open caisson.

    Contract and Project Management

    • A contract will be entitled to contract price escalation if the allowable variance from the original unit price is more than 5%.
    • The government may rescind the contract work if there is undue delay attributable solely to the contractor.
    • A project with delays due to reasons beyond the control of the contractor may be granted a time extension if the affected works are critical activities.

    Road Construction and Materials

    • The permitted variation from the design thickness of a layer of aggregate base course is ± 10 mm.
    • The permitted variation from the design thickness of a layer of aggregate subbase course is ± 20 mm.
    • The required area of the trial section needed to check the suitability of the materials and efficiency of the equipment and construction method is about 500 sq.m.

    Soil and Aggregate

    • The accepted proportion mixture of cement to be added to the soil aggregate (dry soil) in a Portland cement stabilized road mix base course is 4 to 20 mass percent.
    • The accepted proportion mixture of lime to be added to the soil aggregate (dry soil), in a Lime stabilized road mix base course is 2 to 10 mass percent.

    Construction Safety

    • The side of deep excavations must be properly shored.
    • All openings above ground level must be guarded.

    Concrete and Asphalt

    • The minimum cement content (40 kg/bag) per cubic meter of class B concrete is 9 bags.
    • The minimum testing requirement of concrete for item 405 is the compressive strength test on concrete cylinder samples consisting of a set of 3 concrete cylinder samples to represent not more than 100 m³ of concrete.
    • The process of maintaining sufficient moisture and favourable temperature in concrete is called curing.

    Engineering and Design

    • The single vertical datum to which elevation for all infrastructure projects should be referred to is mean sea level.
    • The minimum field density for embankment materials is 95%.

    Project Implementation and Inspection

    • Defective works in a project should be brought to the attention of the contractor by the Project Inspector through a logbook entry.
    • The bar chart is also called a Gantt chart.
    • Who assists the Project Engineer in the overall direction and supervision of field operations is the Resident Engineer.

    Miscellaneous

    • The rate of application of seal coat using cutback asphalt is 1.5-3.0 li./sq.m.
    • The Atterberg limit tests are performed on the soil fraction passing sieve no. 40.
    • The process of maintaining sufficient moisture and favourable temperature in concrete is called curing.### Emulsified Asphalt
    • The rate of application of emulsified asphalt used as a tack coat should be within the range of 0.2-0.5 l/m² or 0.2-0.7 l/m².

    Camber on Gravel Roads

    • Camber on gravel roads is provided to establish a smooth riding surface and prevent water from stagnating on the carriageway.

    Sub-grade Soil Compaction

    • Sub-grade soil is well compacted under the controlled condition of optimum moisture content and maximum dry density.

    Asphalt Pavement and Surface Treatment

    • Before an asphalt pavement or asphalt surface treatment is placed on a granular base, a tack coat is applied.

    Bearings for Bridges

    • Bearings for bridges are designed to provide free movement of girders, and expansion joints, rockers, sliding plates, and rollers are used to allow such movement.

    Work Reports

    • The resident engineer prepares daily reports on work accomplishments for review by the project engineer.

    Field Tests

    • The following are field tests in road construction: density test, core boring test, California bearing ratio (CBR) test, and dynamic cone penetrometer test.

    Concrete Pavement

    • The flexural strength of concrete is considered satisfactory when the average strength of all sets of 3 consecutive strength test results equal or exceed the specified strength and when no individual strength test result is deficient by more than 15% of 550 psi.

    Vegetation Control

    • The remaining height of grasses and shrubs after maintenance work should be left uncut at 50mm, 100mm, or 200mm.

    Concrete Mix

    • Concrete mix should be kept continuously wet by the application of water for a minimum period of 28 days after it has been placed.

    Pile Driving

    • The minimum weight of the gravity hammer used in pile driving is 1500 kg, and the maximum allowable variation at the butt end of a pile in any direction from its location shown in the approved plans is 75 mm.

    Road Maintenance

    • The equivalent physical measurement used in the determination of the cost of maintenance of our national roads and bridges and all its facilities is known as the lane kilometre.

    Bridge Foundation

    • The simplest type of superstructure of a concrete bridge with a limited span of 8 meters is a reinforced concrete slab.

    Highway Design

    • The most common hourly volume count used for roadway design is the 30th highest hourly volume.

    Caisson Foundation

    • A pneumatic foundation, box caisson, open caisson, and hydraulic caisson are types of caisson foundation.

    Roadway Design

    • The maximum value of impact applied to the superstructure of a bridge should be 15.24/(L+38), where L is the portion of the span loaded for maximum.

    Building Frames

    • Lateral forces on building frames can be analyzed by approximate analytical methods, including the moment-distribution method, portal method, and factor method.

    Project Inspection

    • After the final inspection of a reported 100% accomplished project, before a certificate of final inspection is issued, an emergency conference, exit conference, or pre-construction conference should be conducted in the field.

    Logbook

    • A logbook contains data on activities done during the day, materials delivered and used for the day, and the day's weather condition.

    Price Escalation

    • The formula used in computing price escalation is the no-loss, no-gain formula, and the computation of contract price escalation is based on the notice to proceed.

    Flood Damage Mitigation

    • Reduction of peck flow by reservoirs, confinement of the flow by levees, floodwalls, and flood plain management are flood damage mitigation measures.

    Cross Drainage

    • Provision of cross drainage is necessary, and culverts, bridges, and dips are included in cross drainage.

    Roadway Foundation

    • The most appropriate filling material if you encounter unsuitable roadway foundation is fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, broken concrete, or granular materials.

    Concrete Strengthening

    • The strengthening of an old existing asphalt or concrete pavement by providing additional adequate thickness over it is called overlaying.

    Bridge Construction

    • The minimum length requirement for the longitudinal reinforcement of the piles that should be embedded in the bridge structure is 30 times the diameter of main reinforcing deformed bars.

    Roadside Trees

    • The process of cutting the branches around a tree on the roadside to make them denser and grow straight is called pruning.

    Steel Deck

    • Steel jack arches, open panel, and stiffened steel are categorized as types of steel deck used on bridges.

    Pile Driving

    • Driving heads of piles are provided to ensure lateral support to the pile and provide a driving surface normal to the pile.

    Dam Structure

    • Impervious fill, random fill, and outlet protection works are components of a dam structure.

    Economic Evaluation

    • The determination of flood discharges, determination of estimated amount of damage, and subsurface investigation are components of an economic evaluation of flood control projects.

    Soil Testing

    • The particle size distribution of coarse-grained soil is determined by sieve analysis.

    Reinforcing Steel Bars

    • For testing reinforcing steel bars, the sample for every 10 tons should be 1.0 meter long.

    Asphalt Mix

    • Under Item 310, the asphalt content of bituminous mix on the basis of total dry aggregate should be between 5% to 8%.

    Concrete Pavement Protection

    • To protect Portland cement concrete pavement against rain before it has sufficiently hardened, the contractor should be required to have at all times any of the following materials, except for metal form or wood planks.### Materials and Construction
    • Burlap or cotton mats are used for concrete pavement
    • Plastic sheeting material and plastic water stops are used in construction
    • Minimum flexural strength requirement of concrete for Portland Cement Concrete Pavement is 500 psi

    Soil Classification

    • Soil classification is determined by Atterberg limits test, Sieve analysis test, Hydrometer test, and combinations of these tests

    Asphalt Overlay

    • Reflection cracking in asphalt overlay can be corrected by applying a seal coat, additional bituminous mix, or redoing the construction
    • Criteria for recommending asphalt pavement include well-maintained drainage facilities, non-typhoon belt area, and stable base course

    Bank and River Protection

    • Types of bank protection structures include drainage ditch, retaining wall, and lateral works
    • Coastal protection works, river protection works, and slope protection works are used to protect land areas

    Bridge Construction

    • Simplest type of superstructure of a concrete bridge with a limited span of 8 meters is a reinforced concrete slab
    • Types of caisson foundations include pneumatic foundation, box caisson, open caisson, and hydraulic caisson
    • Underpinning methods include earth-filled wood cofferdaming, water diversion, and use of steel sheet piles

    Measurement and Testing

    • Measurement of concrete materials for concrete structures is by volume
    • Catch-up schedule reflects the accomplishments-duration relationship
    • Core samples are taken for thickness determination of concrete pavement

    Road Design and Construction

    • Maximum length of ascending gradient for a loaded truck is called the critical length of grade for design
    • Storage of cement at the job site must satisfy certain requirements, including elevated warehouse location
    • Depth of corrugation and roughened finish by brooming on the surface of a newly set concrete pavement should not be more than 6.0 mm

    Project Management

    • Item 505 in the DPWH Standard Specifications refers to structural concrete
    • Certificate of quality control and assurance attests that materials incorporated into the project works correspond to the quantity accomplished and conform to specifications

    Water Flow and Culverts

    • Velocity-area method is used to determine stream discharge
    • Apparatus used to determine consistency of liquid asphalt is a viscometer
    • Culvert flow under entrance control is synonymous with flow under inlet control

    Foundation Design

    • Allowed load or bearing capacity is obtained by reducing the ultimate bearing capacity by a factor of safety of 2.0
    • Flexural stress in the extreme fiber stress in compression, fc, for service load design of bridges is 0.40 f'c

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    Description

    This quiz tests your knowledge of various civil engineering concepts, including concrete construction, road maintenance, and soil analysis. It covers topics related to the use of materials in construction and the maintenance of infrastructure.

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