Civics vs. Politics Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of Canadian peacekeeping?

  • To establish new governments in unstable regions.
  • To engage in military combat operations against aggressors.
  • To supervise elections, deliver aid, and mediate disputes. (correct)
  • To enforce international law through sanctions.

What is a key characteristic of a democratic leadership style?

  • Centralized decision-making.
  • Encouraging team involvement and shared decision-making. (correct)
  • Minimal team involvement.
  • Direct control over all team activities.

The Paris Agreement's main objective is to:

  • Maintain global temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius. (correct)
  • Increase global carbon emissions.
  • Promote unilateral action by individual countries.
  • Establish military alliances.

Which statement accurately defines autocratic leadership?

<p>A leadership style where one person controls decisions without consulting others. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of Laissez-Faire leadership?

<p>Minimal direct supervision and hands-off management. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Global Affairs Canada’s primary role in international development?

<p>Distributing aid and loans for global development projects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about leadership, as discussed in the text?

<p>Some people are inherently born to be leaders. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant action taken by Canada in response to conflicts following 2003?

<p>Participating in a UN operation in Afghanistan. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method do governments primarily employ to shape public opinion and promote their agenda?

<p>Media, communication campaigns, and public relations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a mediator in conflict resolution?

<p>To guide parties through negotiation and encourage a voluntary agreement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a direct democracy, how are decisions typically made?

<p>By the people directly voting on each issue. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key limit on a monarch's power in a constitutional monarchy?

<p>The monarch's power is limited by law. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of citizenship, which originated in the Roman Empire, emphasize?

<p>The rights and responsibilities of an individual within the state. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which historical event is most associated with the idea of limiting the power of a king or ruler?

<p>The Magna Carta. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental idea did the American Revolution introduce?

<p>That all men are created equal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of democratic decision-making?

<p>To benefit most people, most of the time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which political ideology is MOST associated with the idea of maintaining the status quo and resisting rapid societal change?

<p>Conservatism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Canadian politics, which party is commonly associated with a platform that emphasizes greater government intervention in the economy and more social programs?

<p>New Democratic Party (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the primary goal of civil law in Canada?

<p>To resolve disputes between individuals or organizations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical responsibility of the federal government in Canada?

<p>Agriculture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of employment insurance premiums in Canada?

<p>To provide financial aid to individuals looking for or unable to work (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a group of policies that a political party promises to enact if elected?

<p>A platform (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT typically influence government policy decisions?

<p>Personal anecdotes of elected officials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the BEST description of propaganda?

<p>Manipulation of media to influence a group or population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be considered a 'transfer payment' at the federal level in Canada?

<p>Funds given to provinces for healthcare (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of a 'first past the post' (FPTP) electoral system, which is used in Canadian elections?

<p>The candidate with the most votes in a riding (electoral district) wins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a crown corporation?

<p>A business operated by the federal government (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, which party prioritizes lowering taxes to allow people to keep more of their money?

<p>Conservative Party (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is the main focus of the Bloc Québécois party?

<p>Independence of Quebec from Canada (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these does NOT outline a step in the Canadian election process?

<p>The debate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common criticism of the 'first past the post' electoral system?

<p>It can create governments that do not reflect the popular vote (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Government Influence

Governments utilize media, campaigns, and public relations to shape public opinion both domestically and internationally.

Government Coercion

Governments enforce laws through police, military, and security services, often using force to maintain order and protect citizens.

Negotiation

When parties come together to discuss and reach a compromise, aiming for a mutually agreeable solution.

Mediation

A neutral third party involved in a conflict, helping clarify issues, identify agreements, and guide parties towards a voluntary resolution.

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Arbitration

Parties voluntarily submit their conflict to experts who make legally binding decisions based on evidence and arguments.

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Direct Democracy

Individuals directly vote on each issue, rather than electing representatives to make decisions for them.

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Representative Democracy

Citizens elect representatives to voice their concerns and make decisions on their behalf.

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Constitutional Monarchy

A democracy that incorporates representative principles but maintains a monarch as the head of state, although they wield no real power.

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Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

A set of goals adopted in 2015 with the aim of achieving a sustainable future, focusing on issues like poverty, hunger, and environmental protection.

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Democratic Leadership

A collaborative leadership style that involves team participation, open communication, and joint decision making.

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Leader

An influential individual who motivates and guides others towards a shared goal.

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Autocratic Leadership

A leadership style where the leader has ultimate authority and makes decisions alone, typically without seeking input from others.

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Laissez-Faire Leadership

A leadership approach characterized by minimal interference and a hands-off management style.

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NGO (Non-Governmental Organization)

A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a not-for-profit entity that operates independently of government and is funded through donations and public support.

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Paris Agreement

The Paris Agreement is a global agreement signed in 2015 that aims to combat climate change by keeping global temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius.

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Kyoto Protocol

The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty signed in 1997 that sets specific targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

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Wrongful Convictions in Canada

A system designed to correct wrongful convictions by appealing court decisions, reviewing cases, and providing support for wrongly convicted individuals.

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Civil Law in Canada

The branch of law dealing with disputes between individuals, groups, or businesses, aiming to resolve issues, not punish crime.

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Political Ideology

A set of beliefs that explains how society should function, offering a blueprint for social order. It encompasses ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, and symbols.

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Liberalism

A political ideology that advocates for minimal government intervention, individual responsibility, and free markets.

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Conservatism

A political ideology promoting traditional values, limited change, and a strong emphasis on personal responsibility.

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Socialism

A political ideology advocating for government ownership of major industries and resources for the benefit of the people.

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Social Programs

A system where the government actively intervenes to ensure social welfare and economic equality.

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Referendum

A type of direct democracy where citizens vote directly on a specific issue rather than electing representatives.

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Canadian Elections

The process of electing a government, involving nominations, campaigning, voting, and counting ballots.

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Political Platform

A set of policies and actions a party or government commits to pursuing if elected, outlining their vision.

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Government Policy

A plan or course of action adopted by a government to achieve a specific goal.

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Social Policies

Systems of public services and programs provided by government to address social needs, including healthcare, education, and welfare.

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Financial Policies

Policies related to economic management, including taxation, spending, and economic regulation.

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International Policies

Policies that govern interactions between Canada and other nations, including trade, diplomacy, and foreign aid.

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Public Works Policies

Policies focused on constructing and maintaining public infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and buildings.

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Study Notes

Civics vs. Politics

  • Civics is the study of citizens' rights, duties, and responsibilities, focusing on interactions with governance.
  • Politics focuses on the acquisition, use, and exercise of power in governance, concentrating on strategies, debates, outcomes, and conflicts.
  • Civics emphasizes democratic participation, politics focuses on power struggles shaping government actions.

Types of Decision-Making

Authoritarian

  • One person or small group holds all power.
  • Rulers' interests often supersede the people's.
  • Rule often backed by military might.
  • Characteristics include a single political party, censored media, and often, fraudulent elections. Minorities are frequently targeted.

Democratic

  • Power rests with the people.
  • Decisions are based on majority vote.
  • Representatives are elected to make decisions.
  • Characteristics include multiple political parties, a free press, and fair, frequent elections. Legal rights are equal for all.

Types of Democracy

Direct

  • Citizens directly vote on issues.

Representative

  • Citizens vote to elect representatives who make decisions.

Constitutional Monarchy

  • Representative democracy with a monarch as head of state. Monarch typically has little to no real power.

History of Democracy

  • Roots traced to ancient Greece in 500 BC.
  • Further evolution through Roman citizenship, Iroquois Confederacy and legal precedents like Magna Carta.
  • American and French Revolutions are key moments in democratic history.

Elements of Democracy

  • Decisions benefit the majority, often with frequent elections ensuring representatives are answerable.
  • Emphasizes legal and political equality for all citizens.
  • Protects the rights of minorities.
  • Encourages peace, respect, and tolerance.

Obstacles to Democracy

  • Ethnic divisions and conflicts.
  • Large disparity in wealth.
  • Low literacy rates hinder participation.

Citizenship in Canada

  • Citizenship is a status conferred by a country.
  • Rights and responsibilities differ by country but often include following laws and being respectful of constitutional framework.

How Governments Use Power

  • Authority stems from citizen recognition of institutional legitimacy, often through elections.
  • Governments also gain authority by aligning their policies with cultural values.
  • Influence is achieved through media persuasion strategies and diplomacy.
  • Coercion involves the use of police, military, and security to ensure compliance with laws and maintain control.

How Conflicts Are Resolved

  • Negotiation involves open discussion to reach a compromise.
  • Mediation uses a neutral 3rd party to facilitate a resolution.
  • Arbitration uses a 3rd party to decide on a legally binding solution.

Human Rights

  • The right to live free from torture and discrimination and with equality and dignity is fundamental. Numerous globally recognized articles outline these rights.

Canada's Federal System

  • Powers are divided between federal and provincial/territorial governments, reflecting an approach to accommodate diversity and local governance.

Branches of Government

  • Executive Branch (e.g., Prime Minister): responsible for carrying out the laws of a country.
  • Legislative Branch (e.g., Parliament): responsible for making the laws of a country.
  • Judicial Branch (e.g., the Supreme Court): responsible for interpreting the laws of a country.
  • Provincial/Territorial structures have similar divisions.

How Laws Are Made (Bill vs Act)

  • Bills are proposed laws; Acts are passed, effective laws.
  • The process involves several stages in each legislative body before becoming law.

Canada's Judicial System

  • The legal system aims for the protection of safety, social order, and respect of rights as principles to achieve justice.
  • Individuals are presumed innocent until proven guilty. There is a right to bail, legal representation, expeditious trial, and an appeal process.

Political Ideologies

  • Different philosophies guide various political parties.
  • Often, these ideologies describe how a society's organization should be structured and the relationship between the government and the people.

Media and Government

  • Media (e.g. mass media, social media) can attempt to influence public opinions.
  • Political propaganda is an example of media manipulation used to influence an audience toward particular ideas or actions.

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Civics Exam Review PDF

Description

Explore the fundamental differences between civics and politics in this quiz. Understand how rights and responsibilities of citizens contrast with the dynamics of power and governance. Delve into the principles of decision-making, including authoritarian and democratic systems.

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