Quiz 13

Citric Acid Cycle

• Oxaloacetate is the first and last molecule in the citric acid cycle

Kinase

• Kinase is an enzyme that adds a phosphate group to a molecule, often activating it

Glycolysis

• The first step of glycolysis uses one ATP molecule to phosphorylate glucose, converting it into glucose-6-phosphate

Fatty Acid Metabolism

• Fatty acids can be used to produce energy by conversion to acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria of the cell

Gluconeogenesis

• Gluconeogenesis is the process of generating glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and lactate

Fermentation

• Pyruvate is converted to generate lactic acid and lactic acid can be converted back into pyruvate during fermentation
• The fermentation product produced in an anaerobic muscle cell is lactic acid

Glycolysis Energy Yield

• Glycolysis requires a total of 2 ATP with a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules

Energy Generation in Animal Cells

• Glucose is the food molecule whose breakdown generates most energy in animal cells through glycolysis

Citric Acid Cycle Products

• The major products of the citric acid cycle are ATP, NADH, and FADH2