Week 12

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of data destruction?

To ensure discarded information is truly destroyed (correct)

To free up storage space

To improve remote access

To protect against malware

What is degaussing used for?

To encrypt data

To scan for malware

To shred physical documents

To destroy sensitive data on magnetic media (correct)

What are the consequences of uncontrolled malware?

Improved remote access and faster networks

Loss of business information and disruption of business processes (correct)

Increased productivity and improved security

Enhanced data encryption and stronger authentication

What is the main advantage of remote access?

Increased productivity by permitting employees to access business information from any location Signup and view all the answers

What is central anti-malware management used for?

To detect and respond to malware threats Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of defense in depth?

To protect assets by layering multiple security controls Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of controls?

Technical, administrative, and physical Signup and view all the answers

What is encryption used for in remote access?

To encrypt data in transit Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of data classification?

To establish sensitivity levels and handling procedures Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of access management?

Privilege management Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of records retention policies?

To specify how long different types of records must be retained Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of training users on data classification?

To ensure that users understand handling procedures for each level Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk related to business records that records retention policies help to manage?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is an aspect of access management that helps to ensure secure access to information?

Secure log on Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of data classification?

Establishing handling procedures for each level Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of implementing records management controls?

Better management of sensitive information Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of applying security concepts to computer and business operations?

To protect resources and ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of records management security controls?

To manage and protect records Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary principle of need-to-know?

Restricting access to sensitive information based on job duties Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of incident management?

To manage and respond to security incidents Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of job rotation in security operations?

To rotate personnel through different job roles to reduce the risk of fraud Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of remote access security controls?

To ensure secure remote access to organizational resources Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of administrative management and control of information security?

To manage and oversee the overall information security program Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of vulnerability management?

To identify and mitigate vulnerabilities in organizational systems Signup and view all the answers

What type of information may be contained in documentation?

Trade secrets and sensitive information Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in incident management?

Incident declaration Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fault tolerance?

To make devices less prone to failure Signup and view all the answers

What is RAID?

Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks Signup and view all the answers

What is clustering in high-availability architectures?

A group of servers operating as a single logical server Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of replication in high-availability architectures?

To ensure data availability Signup and view all the answers

What is a geo-cluster?

A cluster of servers located at great distances from one another Signup and view all the answers

What happens during failover in a clustering system?

The passive server becomes active Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of replication in a clustering system?

To make current data available to all cluster nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of virtualization?

Ability to logically and physically move systems between servers Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of business continuity management?

Analyzing risks associated with potential disaster scenarios Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of vulnerability management?

Data replication and backup Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of replication in a clustering system?

To ensure data availability across all cluster nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of virtualization in a business continuity context?

Flexibility in system management and deployment Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of business continuity management?

Risk analysis and mitigation strategies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of vulnerability management?

Identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Security Operations Concepts

Need to know: personnel should have access to only necessary information to perform their duties, independent of security clearance
Least privilege: personnel should have the minimum level of access required to perform their duties
Separation of duties: divide tasks and responsibilities to prevent any one person from having too much control
Job rotation: regularly rotate personnel to different roles to prevent familiarity and reduce risk
Monitoring of special privileges: regularly monitor and audit access to sensitive information

Records Management Controls

Data classification: establish sensitivity levels and handling procedures for each level
Access management: policies, procedures, and controls that determine how information is accessed and by whom
Records retention: policies that specify how long different types of records must be retained
Backups: ensuring data is backed up regularly to prevent loss
Data destruction: ensuring discarded information is truly destroyed and not salvageable by employees or outsiders

Data Classification

Establish sensitivity levels
Establish handling procedures for each level
Train users on classification and handling procedures

Access Management

Policies, procedures, and controls that determine how information is accessed and by whom
User account provisioning
Privilege management
Password management
Review of access rights
Secure logon

Records Retention

Policies that specify how long different types of records must be retained
Manage risks related to business records, including:
- Risk of compromise of sensitive information
- Risk of loss of important information
- E-Discovery
- Regulation

Data Destruction

Purpose: ensure discarded information is truly destroyed and not salvageable by employees or outsiders
Methods:
- Degaussing
- Shredding
- Wiping

Anti-Virus and Anti-Malware

Effects of uncontrolled malware:
- Loss of business information
- Disclosure or compromise of business information
- Corruption of business information
- Disruption of business information processing
- Inability to access business information
- Loss of productivity
Apply defense in depth to protect assets
Central anti-malware management

Remote Access

Connectivity to a network or system from a remote location
Improves productivity by permitting employees to access business information from any location
Risk mitigation strategies:
- Encryption
- Strong authentication
- Anti-malware
- Firewall

Types of Controls

Technical
Physical
Administrative

Resource Protection

Documentation:
- May contain trade secrets and sensitive information
- Processes, procedures, and instructions
- Version control
- Access control

Incident Management

Incident declaration
Triage
Investigation
Analysis
Containment
Recovery
Debriefing

High-Availability Architectures

Fault tolerance
Clustering
Failover
Replication
Virtualization

Fault Tolerance

Makes devices less prone to failure
Methods:
- Multiple power supplies
- Multiple network interfaces
- Multiple processor units
- RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive / Independent Disks)

Clustering

A group of two or more servers that operate functionally as a single logical server
Active-active mode
Active-passive mode
Failover: when active status is transferred
Geo-cluster: servers located at great distances from one another

Replication

Data changes are transmitted to a counterpart storage system
An adjunct to clustering, makes current data available to all cluster nodes

Virtualization

Multiple operating system instances on a single server platform
Systems can be logically and physically moved from one server platform to another
Types:
- Local
- Long distance

Business Continuity Management

A management activity where analysis is performed to better understand the risks associated with potential disaster scenarios, and the steps that can be taken to reduce the impact of a disaster should one occur

Vulnerability Management

Vulnerability scanning
Application scanning
Penetration testing
Source code reviews and scanning
Threat modeling
Patch management

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Description

This quiz covers security concepts in computer and business operations, including records management, backups, anti-virus software, and remote access. It's based on the CISSP Guide to Security Essentials, Second Edition, Chapter 7.