Questions and Answers
What type of motion is employed in the turn-and-pull cutting motion described in the text?
A combination of reaming and filing
How does the rotation during placement of the file in the turn-and-pull cutting motion benefit the process?
It sets the cutting edges into dentin
What is the purpose of the quarter turn clockwise and inwardly directed hand pressure when using the file in the turn-and-pull cutting motion?
Position the file into the canal
What effect does the back-and-forth oscillation of K-type files and reamers have on dentinal walls?
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How does watch winding (twiddling) motion differ from turn-and-pull cutting motion?
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What role does the non-rotating withdrawal play in the turn-and-pull cutting motion?
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In what direction does the file move during watch winding (twiddling) motion as described in the text?
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Why is watch winding (twiddling) motion described as very useful during shaping procedures?
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Study Notes
Filing Techniques in Endodontics
- Circumferential filing involves moving the file around the circumference of the canal space while stroking the instrument in a 1-3 mm amplitude.
- This technique is used in large canals with open apices, and the choice of instrument is usually an H-file.
- Filing is effective with Hedstrom type instruments since they do not engage during insertion and cut efficiently during withdrawal.
Reaming in Endodontics
- Reaming involves clockwise or right-hand rotation of an instrument, causing the cutting edges to slide into the canal.
- The motion of reaming is a simple clockwise rotation of the instrument, which must be restrained from insertion to generate a cutting effect.
- The size of the file should be either 10 or 15, not more than 15.
Recapitulation in Endodontics
- Recapitulation is accomplished after each instrument is used in the canal by taking a small file to the corrected working length and flushing the canal with 1-2 ml of irrigant.
Instrument Movements in Endodontics
- There are several movements useful for controlling the cutting ability of endodontic files, including: • Filing • Circumferential filing • Reaming • Watch Winding • Balanced Force Technique
- Filing indicates a push-pull action with the instruments, with the cutting force being a combination of resistance to bending and apically directed hand pressure.
- Errors associated with filing include canal ledging, perforation, and other procedural errors.
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