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What are the three basic components of a circulatory system?
What are the three basic components of a circulatory system?
- Heart, lungs, and liver
- Oxygen, nutrients, and waste
- Circulatory fluid, interconnecting vessels, and a muscular pump (correct)
- Brain, kidney, and skin
What is the function of the circulatory system in the body?
What is the function of the circulatory system in the body?
- To connect the aqueous environment of the body cells to the organs that exchange gases, absorb nutrients, and dispose of wastes (correct)
- To move the body's limbs
- To regulate body temperature
- To produce energy for the body
In mammals, how many layers of cells do oxygen molecules cross before reaching the blood?
In mammals, how many layers of cells do oxygen molecules cross before reaching the blood?
- Four
- One
- Two (correct)
- Three
What type of circulatory system do arthropods, such as grasshoppers, have?
What type of circulatory system do arthropods, such as grasshoppers, have?
What is the fluid that bathes body cells in open circulatory systems?
What is the fluid that bathes body cells in open circulatory systems?
What happens to the oxygen in the blood as it passes through tiny blood vessels?
What happens to the oxygen in the blood as it passes through tiny blood vessels?
What is the primary function of the relaxation of the heart in crustaceans?
What is the primary function of the relaxation of the heart in crustaceans?
What is the main difference between an open circulatory system and a closed circulatory system?
What is the main difference between an open circulatory system and a closed circulatory system?
What is the role of body movements in crustaceans?
What is the role of body movements in crustaceans?
What occurs between the blood and the interstitial fluid in a closed circulatory system?
What occurs between the blood and the interstitial fluid in a closed circulatory system?
Which of the following groups of organisms is characterized by a closed circulatory system?
Which of the following groups of organisms is characterized by a closed circulatory system?
What is the main function of the heart in a circulatory system?
What is the main function of the heart in a circulatory system?
In which type of circulatory system is the circulatory fluid also the interstitial fluid?
In which type of circulatory system is the circulatory fluid also the interstitial fluid?
What happens to the oxygen in the blood as it passes through tiny blood vessels in the body?
What happens to the oxygen in the blood as it passes through tiny blood vessels in the body?
What is the purpose of the circulatory system in the body?
What is the purpose of the circulatory system in the body?
What is the term for the pressure exerted by the circulatory fluid on surrounding vessels?
What is the term for the pressure exerted by the circulatory fluid on surrounding vessels?
Which organisms have a circulatory system that is characterized by a heart that pumps the circulatory fluid through interconnected sinuses?
Which organisms have a circulatory system that is characterized by a heart that pumps the circulatory fluid through interconnected sinuses?
What is the purpose of valves in the pores of crustaceans' sinuses?
What is the purpose of valves in the pores of crustaceans' sinuses?
What is a key difference between open and closed circulatory systems?
What is a key difference between open and closed circulatory systems?
What role do body movements play in crustaceans' open circulatory systems?
What role do body movements play in crustaceans' open circulatory systems?
In which group of organisms can a more extensive system of vessels and an accessory pump be found?
In which group of organisms can a more extensive system of vessels and an accessory pump be found?
What is the site of chemical exchange between the circulation fluid and body cells?
What is the site of chemical exchange between the circulation fluid and body cells?
What is the primary advantage of open circulatory systems in terms of energy use?
What is the primary advantage of open circulatory systems in terms of energy use?
What is a unique feature of the open circulatory system in spiders?
What is a unique feature of the open circulatory system in spiders?
Which of the following groups of organisms is characterized by a closed circulatory system?
Which of the following groups of organisms is characterized by a closed circulatory system?
What is the primary benefit of closed circulatory systems in terms of delivery of oxygen and nutrients?
What is the primary benefit of closed circulatory systems in terms of delivery of oxygen and nutrients?
What is the relationship between the size and activity level of an animal and the type of circulatory system it has?
What is the relationship between the size and activity level of an animal and the type of circulatory system it has?
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Study Notes
Components of Circulatory Systems
- A circulatory system has three basic components: a circulatory fluid, a set of interconnecting vessels, and a muscular pump, the heart.
Heart Function
- The heart powers circulation by using metabolic energy to elevate the circulatory fluid's hydrostatic pressure, the pressure the fluid exerts on surrounding vessels.
- The heart pumps the circulatory fluid through the vessels and back to the heart.
Circulatory System Function
- The circulatory system functionally connects the aqueous environment of the body cells to the organs that exchange gases, absorb nutrients, and dispose of wastes.
Open Circulatory Systems
- In an open circulatory system, the circulatory fluid, called hemolymph, is also the interstitial fluid that bathes body cells.
- Arthropods (such as grasshoppers) and some molluscs (such as clams) have open circulatory systems.
- Contraction of the heart pumps the hemolymph through the circulatory vessels into interconnected sinuses, spaces surrounding the organs.
- Within the sinuses, the hemolymph and body cells exchange gases and other chemicals.
Closed Circulatory Systems
- In a closed circulatory system, a circulatory fluid called blood is confined to vessels and is distinct from the interstitial fluid.
- One or more hearts pump blood into large vessels that branch into smaller ones that infiltrate the tissues and organs.
- Chemical exchange occurs between the blood and the interstitial fluid, as well as between the interstitial fluid and body cells.
- Annelids (including earthworms), cephalopods (including squids and octopuses), and all vertebrates have closed circulatory systems.
Evolutionary Advantages
- The lower hydrostatic pressures typically associated with open circulatory systems allow them to use less energy than closed systems.
- Closed circulatory systems offer the benefit of blood pressure high enough to enable the effective delivery of O2 and nutrients in larger and more active animals.
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