The Cardiovascular System (Anatomy II)
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Questions and Answers

Which type of artery contains extra layers of elastic tissue between the smooth muscles?

  • Arteriole
  • Venules
  • Elastic artery (correct)
  • Muscular artery

    • During which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood get ejected into the outflow arteries and stretch the elastic tissue?

  • Both systole and diastole
  • Neither systole nor diastole
  • Systole (correct)
  • Diastole

    • What is the function of the elastic tissue in the media layer of arteries during diastole?

  • Minimizing the extent of the difference between peak systole and diastole pressure
  • Helping propel blood forward even when in diastole (correct)
  • Helping push blood back towards the ventricles to close the semi-lunar valves
  • None of the above

    • What is the main function of muscular arteries?

    <p>To alter blood distribution by vasoconstriction or vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessels are the smallest arteries at the end of the supply path, just before capillaries for gas exchange?

    <p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of arterioles?

    <p>To control blood pressure via constriction/dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of venules?

    <p>To transport blood from the capillaries back into the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of veins?

    <p>To transport blood from the capillaries back into the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the histological (post-mortem) structure of veins?

    <p>Irregular, flattened shape with large lumen diameter and thin walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do deep veins transport blood from the capillaries back into the heart?

    <p>Through the contraction of the skeletal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessel wall is well developed in arteries but less developed in veins?

    <p>Tunica Intima</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessel wall contains smooth muscle that controls the diameter of the lumen?

    <p>Tunica Media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessel wall is composed of loose fibrous connective tissue with a high content of collagen and variable amount of elastin?

    <p>Tunica Adventitia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which large veins do all of the veins of the systemic circuit merge into?

    <p>Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries supply all arteries of the systemic circuit originate from?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessel wall contains small blood vessels called vasa vasorum that supply blood to the vessel walls?

    <p>Tunica Adventitia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessel wall is lined by endothelium?

    <p>Tunica Intima</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessel wall contains the internal elastic lamina?

    <p>Tunica Intima</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessel wall contains lymphatics and autonomic nerves?

    <p>Tunica Adventitia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessel wall is proportional to both vessel diameter and blood pressure?

    <p>Tunica Media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessel wall is lined by endothelium?

    <p>Tunica Intima</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessel wall contains smooth muscle that controls the diameter of the lumen?

    <p>Tunica Media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of arterioles?

    <p>To carry blood away from the heart and distribute it to the capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessel wall contains lymphatics and autonomic nerves?

    <p>Tunica Adventitia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of veins?

    <p>To carry blood from the capillaries back to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes varicose veins?

    <p>Dilation and elongation of veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: All arteries of the systemic circuit originate from the aorta.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: All of the veins of the systemic circuit merge into two large veins (superior vena cava and inferior vena cava).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The tunica intima is lined by endothelium, which is a simple squamous epithelium.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The tunica media of arteries is thicker than that of veins.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The tunica adventitia (externa) is composed of loose fibrous connective tissue.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Arterioles are the smallest arteries at the end of the supply path, just before capillaries for gas exchange.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The thoracic aorta is located in the thoracic cavity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The main function of veins is to carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The main function of the elastic tissue in the media layer of arteries is to maintain blood pressure during diastole.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The main function of muscular arteries is to distribute blood to various parts of the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The media layer of elastic arteries contains extra layers of elastic tissue between the smooth muscles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: During diastole, the elastic tissue in the media layer of arteries recoils and squeezes blood into the lumen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The main function of arteries is to control blood pressure by constricting or dilating.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Venules are the smallest veins at the start of the collecting system, just after blood leaves the capillary bed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Venules have valves to ensure unidirectional flow of blood back towards the heart.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Veins act as capacitance vessels and have spare capacity due to their large lumen diameter and thin walls.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Deep veins transport blood from the capillaries back into the heart through the contraction of skeletal muscles and the presence of venous valves.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Varicose veins occur due to the constriction of veins, which makes the valves leaky.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The neurovascular bundle is a structure that binds nerves with arteries and veins.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The tunica intima is the thickest layer of veins and contains two distinct layers of tunica media.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arteries have a well-developed tunica ______ but veins have a less developed one.

    <p>intima</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscle in the tunica media of blood vessels is controlled by the ______ nervous tone.

    <p>autonomic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thickness of the tunica media is proportional to both vessel diameter and ______ pressure.

    <p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thoracic aorta is located in the ______ cavity.

    <p>thoracic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Large blood vessels contain small vessels called vasa ______ that supply blood to the vessel walls.

    <p>vasorum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tunica adventitia is composed of loose ______ connective tissue.

    <p>fibrous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main function of veins is to carry ______ blood away from the heart.

    <p>deoxygenated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All arteries of the systemic circuit originate from the ______.

    <p>aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The histological structure of blood vessels includes a three-layered ______.

    <p>wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tunica intima is lined by ______, which is a simple squamous epithelium.

    <p>endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During diastole, the elastic tissue ______ and squeezes blood into the lumen.

    <p>recoils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As arteries enter peripheral tissues (e.g. Femoral artery), they branch repeatedly and the branches decrease in diameter - ______ artery

    <p>muscular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Varicose veins occurs due to dilation and elongation of veins which makes the valves ______.

    <p>leaky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neurovascular bundle - structure which binds nerves with artery and ______.

    <p>veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capillary is the most leaky?

    <p>Sinusoidal capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of pre-capillary sphincters?

    <p>To control the volume of blood flowing through capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessel wall contains smooth muscle that controls the diameter of the lumen?

    <p>Tunica media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessel wall contains the internal elastic lamina?

    <p>Tunica intima</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The main function of veins is to control blood pressure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the 'leakiness' of capillaries?

    <p>The number of tight junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Exchange between blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Total cross-sectional area of capillary bed is greater than that of arterioles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>To exchange substances between blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capillary is most commonly found in skeletal and cardiac muscles?

    <p>Continuous capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capillary allows rapid exchange of water and solutes, including small proteins?

    <p>Fenestrated capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capillary has a large lumen that can fit 3-4 red blood cells at once?

    <p>Sinusoidal capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do lacteals drain fat-laden lymph into?

    <p>Cisterna chyli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lymphatic vessels?

    <p>Transport lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if there are cancer cells in the lymph nodes draining the breast?

    <p>Metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the vasa vasorum in the blood vessel wall?

    <p>Supply blood to the vessel walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessel wall is well-developed in arteries but less developed in veins?

    <p>Tunica intima</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of veins?

    <p>Capacitance vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of arterioles?

    <p>To control blood pressure by constricting or dilating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Total cross-sectional area of capillary bed is greater than that of arterioles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: All arteries of the systemic circuit originate from the aorta.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The main function of arteries is to transport blood from the capillaries back into the heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During diastole, the elastic tissue in the media layer of arteries ______ and squeezes blood into the lumen.

    <p>Recoils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of pre-capillary sphincters?

    <p>To control the volume of blood flowing through capillaries per unit time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capillary has an incomplete endothelium with intercellular gaps and allows free exchange of water and solutes, including large proteins?

    <p>Sinusoidal capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessel is deliberately engineered to increase the efficiency of exchange by having red blood cells in a single file against the walls of the capillary?

    <p>Continuous capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the basement membrane in capillaries?

    <p>To anchor the endothelial cells to the surrounding matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lacteals in the lymphatic system?

    <p>To absorb fat from the intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Capillaries serve the main purpose of the cardiovascular system.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The walls of capillaries are very thick, minimizing the distance of diffusion for exchange.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The total cross-sectional area of capillary beds is smaller than the total CSA of arterioles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of tight junctions in capillaries determines their 'leakiness'.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pre-capillary sphincters are found at the start of capillary beds.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arterioles are called peripheral resistance vessels.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pre-capillary sphincters are controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Continuous capillaries are the most leaky type of capillary.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sinusoidal capillaries are the most leaky type of capillary.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vasoconstriction of pre-capillary sphincters can shunt blood away from the side-branches entering the capillary bed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Capillaries are deliberately engineered to increase efficiency of exchange by arranging red blood cells in a single file.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fenestrated capillaries allow rapid exchange of water and solutes, including small proteins.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sinusoidal capillaries have a large lumen that can fit 3-4 red blood cells at once.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lymph vascular system is an open-entry drainage system for excess fluid that leaves the blood vascular exchange surfaces.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymphatic vessels start at peripheral tissues and end at connections to veins near the right side of the heart.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymphatic vessels contain red blood cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metastatic cancer cells can enter the lymph capillaries, lymph nodes, and eventually spread throughout the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After surgery to excise a breast tumor, it may be necessary to remove lymph nodes that drain the breast.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of cancer cells in lymph nodes indicates the possibility of metastasis and may require chemotherapy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Varicose veins occur due to the constriction of veins, which makes the valves leaky.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fenestrated capillaries allow rapid exchange of water and solutes, including small proteins, through the pores or ______ in the endothelial lining.

    <p>fenestrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sinusoidal capillaries have wider ______ and an incomplete basement membrane, allowing for the free exchange of water and solutes, including large proteins.

    <p>intercellular gaps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymphatic vessels start as large, blind-ending, ______ capillaries called lymphatic capillaries.

    <p>porous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fat-laden lymph from the small intestine drains into a collecting vessel called the ______, turning the lymph from a clear to a white/milky solution.

    <p>cisterna chyli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymphatic vessels contain ______ to prevent backflow from the capillary bed to the blood vascular space.

    <p>valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metastatic cancer cells can enter the porous tips of the ______ and spread throughout the body via the lymphatic system.

    <p>lymph capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excising the ______ which drains the breast may be necessary if there are cancer cells present, indicating the possibility of metastasis and the need for chemotherapy.

    <p>lymph node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood Vessel Structure

    • Arteries have a well-developed tunica media, while veins have a less developed one.
    • The tunica media contains smooth muscle that controls the diameter of the lumen.
    • The tunica adventitia is composed of loose fibrous connective tissue.
    • The tunica intima is lined by endothelium, which is a simple squamous epithelium.
    • The internal elastic lamina is found in the tunica media.

    Arteries

    • Elastic arteries contain extra layers of elastic tissue between the smooth muscles.
    • During diastole, the elastic tissue in the media layer of arteries recoils and squeezes blood into the lumen.
    • The main function of arteries is to distribute blood to various parts of the body.
    • Muscular arteries supply all arteries of the systemic circuit.
    • Arterioles are the smallest arteries at the end of the supply path, just before capillaries for gas exchange.

    Veins

    • The main function of veins is to carry deoxygenated blood back towards the heart.
    • Veins have a larger lumen diameter and thinner walls than arteries.
    • Venules are the smallest veins at the start of the collecting system, just after blood leaves the capillary bed.
    • Deep veins transport blood from the capillaries back into the heart through the contraction of skeletal muscles and the presence of venous valves.

    Capillaries

    • The main function of capillaries is to facilitate exchange of substances between the blood and tissues.
    • The walls of capillaries are very thin, minimizing the distance of diffusion for exchange.
    • The total cross-sectional area of capillary beds is greater than that of arterioles.
    • The 'leakiness' of capillaries is determined by the type of capillary.
    • There are three main types of capillaries: continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoidal.
    • Sinusoidal capillaries are the most leaky type of capillary.
    • Pre-capillary sphincters control blood flow into capillary beds.

    Lymphatic System

    • The main function of the lymphatic system is to drain excess fluids and proteins from the tissues.
    • Lymphatic vessels collect lymph from the interstitial space and transport it back to the bloodstream.
    • Lacteals are specialized lymphatic vessels that drain fat-laden lymph into the bloodstream.
    • The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the immune system.

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    Test your knowledge on the circulatory system with this quiz! Explore topics such as arterial supply, venous drainage, and the histological structure of blood vessels. Challenge yourself by identifying key components like the three-layered wall and the endothelium lining.

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