Circulatory System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

  • Transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
  • Prevents back flow of blood to the right atrium from the right ventricle. (correct)
  • Controls the passage of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta.
  • Carries oxygenated blood away from the left side of the heart.

Which of the following statements about the aorta is true?

  • It carries blood away from the left side of the heart to the body tissues. (correct)
  • It brings oxygenated blood to the lungs.
  • It carries blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries.
  • It transports deoxygenated blood to the upper body.

During which phase does the heart undergo systole?

  • When the heart valves are closed.
  • When the heart chambers fill with blood.
  • When the heart pushes blood out. (correct)
  • When the heart chambers relax.

What is the primary function of the right side of the heart?

<p>Pumping blood to the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood does the pulmonary artery transport?

<p>Deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart has thicker muscles?

<p>Left ventricle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which valve prevents back flow of blood to the left atrium?

<p>Bicuspid Valve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tissue types make up the heart?

<p>Cardiac muscle, nerve, and connective tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What separates the right and left sides of the heart?

<p>Septum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the heart rate vary?

<p>It can change due to activity, stress, temperature, and health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vasodilation in the circulatory system?

<p>To reduce blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is blood pressure calculated?

<p>Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by a bulge in an artery due to a weakened wall?

<p>Aneurysm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is NOT commonly used to treat arteriosclerosis?

<p>Insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of ischemic stroke?

<p>Blood clot blocking blood flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes arrhythmia?

<p>Irregular heartbeat rhythm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of coronary bypass surgery?

<p>To reroute blood flow around blocked arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk factor for developing arteriosclerosis?

<p>High-fat diet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the right ventricle?

<p>Pumps blood to the lungs to receive oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the function of the atria?

<p>Receive blood and fill the ventricles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do the walls of the left ventricle need to be thicker than the right ventricle?

<p>It needs to create more force to pump blood throughout the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of arteries?

<p>Carry blood away from the heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessel is primarily responsible for nutrient and waste exchange?

<p>Capillaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes arterioles from arteries?

<p>Arterioles are smaller and carry blood to the capillaries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of venules?

<p>To carry blood back to veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during vasodilation?

<p>Widening of blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer forms the inner lining of blood vessels?

<p>Endothelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood vessel has the widest diameter and contains valves?

<p>Veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does oxygenated blood from the lungs enter the heart?

<p>Left atrium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood type is known as the universal recipient?

<p>Type AB (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rarest blood type?

<p>AB-negative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by a deficiency in hemoglobin or red blood cells?

<p>Anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood type can donate to type A without any issues?

<p>Type O (A), Type A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes Sickle Cell Anemia?

<p>Improper shape of red blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main functions of the circulatory system?

<p>Carries nutrients to cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of blood volume is made up of plasma?

<p>55% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood cell is primarily responsible for defending the body against infections?

<p>Leukocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of erythrocytes?

<p>Transport oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long do red blood cells typically live?

<p>120 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of circulatory system maintains blood within vessels at all times?

<p>Closed circulatory system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of blood aids in the clotting process?

<p>Platelets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of leukocytes compared to erythrocytes?

<p>They have a nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Artery function

Carry blood away from the heart.

Capillary function

Exchange nutrients and wastes between blood and tissues.

Vein Function

Carry blood back to the heart.

Pulmonary vein

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

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Vasodilation

Widening of blood vessels to increase blood flow.

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Vasoconstriction

Narrowing of blood vessels to decrease blood flow.

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Blood Vessel Layer (Inner)

Endothelium, the innermost layer.

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Blood vessel structure

Three layers—inner (endothelium), middle (muscle & elastin), outer (connective tissue).

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Blood pressure & circulation

Blood pressure is the force of blood against artery walls. Blood pressure regulation is affected by vasodilation (increase blood flow) or vasoconstriction (reduce blood flow). Metabolic activity (like exercise) increases blood flow, and foreign substances affect the system.

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Heart attack cause

A blocked coronary artery, usually by a clot or plaque buildup, leads to heart muscle damage.

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Treating Arteriosclerosis

Methods to treat hardening of arteries include medication (e.g. aspirin, Urokinase, t-PA), Angioplasty (opening blocked arteries with a catheter & balloon), and Coronary Bypass (rerouting blood flow around blocked arteries).

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Aneurysm

A bulge in a weakened artery wall, caused by high blood pressure and increasing risk of rupture. Ruptured aneurysms cause internal bleeding.

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Arrhythmia symptoms

Irregular heartbeat patterns. They can be harmless or cause insufficient blood flow to vital organs.

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Arteriosclerosis cause

Artery walls thicken and lose elasticity, becoming harder due to plaque buildup, primarily from unhealthy lifestyle choices like high fat diets, smoking, and lack of exercise.

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Stroke (Ischemic)

A type of stroke caused by a clot blocking blood flow to the brain.

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Stroke (Hemorrhagic)

A type of stroke caused by a burst blood vessel in the brain, causing blood to leak into the surrounding brain tissue.

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Tricuspid Valve Function

Prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium.

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Bicuspid Valve Function

Prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium.

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Pulmonary Semilunar Valve Function

Controls blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries.

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Superior Vena Cava Function

Carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart.

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Heart Sounds 'Lub-Dub'

Valve closing, heart chamber refill (diastole) and contraction (systole).

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What are the chambers of the heart?

The heart has four chambers: two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers).

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Right ventricle function

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen.

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Left ventricle function

The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

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What is the septum?

A wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart, preventing oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing.

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Endocardium purpose

The inner lining of the heart that reduces friction.

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What are the heart's chambers?

The heart has four chambers: two atria (top) and two ventricles (bottom).

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Septum function

The septum is a wall separating the heart's right and left sides, preventing oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing.

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Cardiac muscle tissue

This specialized tissue makes up the heart, allowing it to contract and pump blood.

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Blood Types

Different blood types are determined by the presence or absence of specific glycoproteins called antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

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Universal Recipient

Blood type AB is considered the universal recipient because individuals with AB blood type can receive blood transfusions from all other blood types.

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Universal Donor

Blood type O is considered the universal donor because individuals with type O blood can donate blood to all other blood types.

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Anemia

A condition characterized by a deficiency in hemoglobin or red blood cells, leading to reduced oxygen transport and potential iron deficiency.

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Sickle Cell Anemia

A genetic disorder causing red blood cells to have an abnormal sickle shape, impairing oxygen transport and leading to anemia.

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Circulatory System Function

The circulatory system is responsible for transporting nutrients to cells, removing waste products, delivering chemical messages, distributing heat, and maintaining fluid balance within the body.

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Plasma Components

Plasma, the fluid component of blood, is about 90% water and carries various substances like blood proteins, glucose, hormones, vitamins, minerals, fats, enzymes, antibodies, dissolved gases, and waste products.

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Red Blood Cell Function

Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body using hemoglobin.

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Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs, giving blood its red color. It then carries the oxygen to the rest of the body.

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White Blood Cell Function

White blood cells, or leukocytes, are the body's defense against infections and foreign invaders.

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Platelet Function

Platelets are small, disc-shaped cells that help with blood clotting to stop bleeding.

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Open Circulatory System

In an open circulatory system, blood isn't always contained within vessels and flows freely through the body cavity to bathe cells directly.

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Closed Circulatory System

In a closed circulatory system, blood is always contained within vessels, like a network of pipes carrying blood throughout the body.

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