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Questions and Answers
What type of blood do pulmonary arteries carry?
What type of blood do pulmonary arteries carry?
Which vessel is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Which vessel is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
What role do capillaries play in the circulatory system?
What role do capillaries play in the circulatory system?
What is the structure of the heart found in frogs?
What is the structure of the heart found in frogs?
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How does blood flow along the dorsal vessel in earthworms?
How does blood flow along the dorsal vessel in earthworms?
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How do blood vessels operate in organisms without a true heart, like certain invertebrates?
How do blood vessels operate in organisms without a true heart, like certain invertebrates?
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What is the anatomical consequence of a bulging blood vessel due to weakening of its wall?
What is the anatomical consequence of a bulging blood vessel due to weakening of its wall?
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Which of the following is not true about hemolymph?
Which of the following is not true about hemolymph?
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What is primarily responsible for transporting hormones in the body?
What is primarily responsible for transporting hormones in the body?
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Which type of blood cell is primarily involved in fighting off infections?
Which type of blood cell is primarily involved in fighting off infections?
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What is the main function of platelets in blood?
What is the main function of platelets in blood?
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Where is the heart located in the human body?
Where is the heart located in the human body?
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Which blood vessel carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart?
Which blood vessel carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart?
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What substance is mainly responsible for the red color of red blood cells?
What substance is mainly responsible for the red color of red blood cells?
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Neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, are involved in which function?
Neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, are involved in which function?
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What is the function of plasma in the blood?
What is the function of plasma in the blood?
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Study Notes
### Circulatory System
- Responsible for the flow of blood, nutrients, water, oxygen and other gases, and hormones.
- Main pumping organ is the heart.
- Heart is located in the center of the chest, in front of the lungs and slightly to the left.
- Heart is a pear-shaped muscle protected by a membrane called the pericardium.
- Heart beats about 3 billion times during an average lifetime.
Blood
- Circulatory tissue produced from bone marrow.
- Carries food materials and oxygen to the body cells.
- Removes waste products including carbon dioxide.
- Transports internal secretions and vitamins.
- Destroys bacteria.
Blood Components
- Plasma: Thick and yellowish liquid part of blood containing specialized cells, dissolved salts, proteins, nutrients, wastes, and other chemicals.
- White Blood Cells (Leukocytes): Help the body fight off germs by engulfing and destroying bacteria through phagocytosis.
- Neutrophils: First responder of immune cells.
- Basophils: Release histamine for non-specific immune response.
- Eosinophils: Fight bacteria and parasites but also provoke allergy symptoms.
- Lymphocytes: B and T cells that defend against specific invaders.
- Monocytes: Clean up dead cells.
- Platelets (Thrombocytes): Fibrinogen from plasma is converted by platelets into threadlike substance called fibrin. Strands of fibrin entwine and make a mesh to trap blood cells.
- Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes): Responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide. Typically live for 120 days.
- Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes): Red colored due to the presence of hemoglobin.
Blood Vessels
- Carry blood to different parts of the body.
- Arteries: Carry oxygen-rich blood AWAY from the heart.
- Aorta: Connects to the heart and picks up oxygenated blood from the left ventricle.
- Pulmonary Artery: Picks up deoxygenated blood between heart and lungs.
- Veins: Carry non-oxygenated blood back toward the heart except for the Pulmonary Vein which takes oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
- Capillaries: Connect arteries to veins.
- Capillary walls allow nutrients, oxygen, and waste to pass in and out of the blood.
- Blood is kept in blood vessels and does not mix with interstitial fluid.
- Muscular and contractile blood vessels contribute to rapid circulation due to higher speed.
Circulation Efficiency
- Efficiency of circulation is increased by the enhancement of nutrient and waste transport to and from tissues by the blood.
- Volume of blood flowing through a tissue or organ is regulated by the contraction and relaxation of the muscles of the blood vessels.
Earthworm Circulation
- Dorsal vessel: Carries blood towards the head.
- Ventral vessel: Carries blood towards the tail.
- Blood is moved along the dorsal vessel through contractible waves called peristalsis.
- Five pairs of hearts force blood to the ventral vessel.
Fish Circulation
- Two-chambered heart composed of one atrium and one ventricle.
- Blood is pumped from the heart to the gills where it receives oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide.
Frog Circulation
- Three-chambered heart consisting of two atria and a single ventricle.
Insect Circulation
- No true heart or capillaries.
- Blood vessels act as pumps to force the blood along.
- Hemocoel: Pumps blood in open regions.
- Hemolymph: Combination of blood and interstitial fluid propelled by one or more hearts into the sinuses.
- No smooth muscles result in slow blood flow at low pressure.
- Materials exchange directly between cells and blood due to direct contact.
- No red corpuscles; respiratory pigment, when present, is dissolved in the plasma.
Aneurysm
- Weakening of the blood vessel wall causing the formation of a bulge.
- Large aneurysms can rupture causing significant loss of blood, mostly in the abdominal area.
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Description
Explore the vital functions of the circulatory system in this quiz. Learn about the heart's role as the main pumping organ, the composition of blood, and how various components like plasma and white blood cells contribute to overall health. Test your knowledge on the flow of blood, nutrients, and immune responses.
