3.5. Circulatory System: Heart and Blood Flow

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following correctly completes the sentence: 'The heart is a large and rhythmically, pumping to the arteries to transport it to the body. Inside the heart, the __ that allow one-way blood flow are found.'?

muscle, blood, valves (correct)
tubes, muscle, valves
muscle, blood, tubes
blood, muscle, tubes

In a diagram of the circulatory system, if 'Δ' represents the path where deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right side of the heart to the lungs, what process is occurring?

Hepatic portal circulation, filtering blood from the digestive system.
Pulmonary circulation, oxygenating the blood. (correct)
Coronary circulation, nourishing the heart muscle.
Systemic circulation, delivering oxygen to body tissues.

In a circulatory system diagram, 'A' indicates the path where oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the arteries. What is the primary function of this part of the circulatory system?

To collect deoxygenated blood from the body and return it to the heart.
To transport oxygenated blood to the lungs for re-oxygenation.
To filter waste products from the blood in the kidneys.
To deliver oxygenated blood to the body's tissues and organs. (correct)

If a circulatory system diagram labels certain vessels as containing deoxygenated blood, which of the following statements is most likely true regarding these vessels?

They are part of the pulmonary circulation, carrying blood to the lungs. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Consider a diagram of the circulatory system showing arteries, veins, and capillaries. What is the correct order of blood flow through these vessels as it leaves the heart, circulates, and returns to the heart?

Arteries → Capillaries → Veins (A) Signup and view all the answers

Based on Danai's experiment, which of the individuals displayed the greatest increase in heart rate after physical exercise?

Maria (D) Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can Danai draw from her experiment, considering the limited participant pool and their varied athletic abilities?

The study provides preliminary evidence suggesting heart rate response to exercise varies among individuals, but more data is needed for conclusive results. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the absence of a nucleus significant in a mature red blood cell (erythrocyte)?

It increases the cell's flexibility and space for hemoglobin, maximizing oxygen-carrying capacity. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do white blood cells (leukocytes) contribute to the body's defense mechanisms?

By recognizing and neutralizing pathogens, producing antibodies, and mediating immune responses. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the underlying mechanism of arterial hypertension (high blood pressure)?

Reduced elasticity of blood vessels, increased blood volume, or hormonal imbalances leading to increased resistance to blood flow. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does myocardial infarction (heart attack) directly impact the heart's function?

It damages or destroys heart muscle tissue due to a lack of oxygen, impairing the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of atherosclerosis (sclerosis of blood vessels) on blood flow and cardiovascular health?

Narrowing and hardening of arteries due to plaque buildup, reducing blood flow and increasing the risk of blood clots. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of cardiac insufficiency (heart failure)?

Fluid retention, shortness of breath, and fatigue due to the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the heart?

A large muscle that rhythmically contracts to pump blood throughout the body.

What are heart valves?

Structures within the heart that ensure blood flows in only one direction.