Circulatory Disorders: Edema Causes and Classification
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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of pitting edema?

  • It is caused by acute inflammation
  • It is non-pitting
  • It is generalized (correct)
  • It is associated with lymphatic obstruction

Which condition leads to hyperemia due to arteriolar dilatation?

  • Obstructed venous flow
  • Sudden right-sided heart failure
  • Muscle exercise (correct)
  • Acute inflammation

What is the main cause of congestion?

  • Muscle exercise
  • Obstructed venous flow (correct)
  • Sudden right-sided heart failure
  • Acute inflammation

Which condition leads to localized, non-pitting edema?

<p>Lymphatic obstruction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to generalized, pitting edema?

<p>Increased vascular hydrostatic pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of hemorrhage as described in the text?

<p>Spontaneous destruction of vessel wall or diseases of vascular wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hemorrhage is characterized by accumulation of blood within tissues?

<p>Interstitial hemorrhage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of chronic external blood loss as described in the text?

<p>Iron deficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of Virchow's triad, which are considered in the pathogenesis of thrombosis?

<p>Roughness of the intima, slowing of blood flow, changes in composition of blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of embolism as per the text?

<p>Circulation of insoluble material and its impaction in a narrow blood vessel. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the science of pathology primarily deal with?

<p>Study of diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to factors that help in the development of a disease?

<p>Predisposing factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction between predisposing and exciting factors?

<p>Predisposing factors cause lesions, while exciting factors help in disease development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of factors are responsible for increased susceptibility to certain diseases?

<p>Predisposing factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do etiological factors primarily encompass?

<p>Environmental and acquired factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do endogenous factors mainly involve?

<p>Internal factors within the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of pathogenesis in the context of the text?

<p>The mechanisms by which the causative agent produces the pathological changes in the tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a biopsy in histopathology?

<p>To study a specimen from the lesion during life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the genes damaged in one of three classes with roles regulating the cell cycle, as described in the text?

<p>Tumour suppressor genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2) as described in the text?

<p>To repair DNA damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of prognosis in relation to a disease?

<p>The forecast of the course and termination of a disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an autopsy as described in the text?

<p>To conduct a post-mortem examination of the cadaver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Tumour suppressor genes regulate within cells?

<p>$Cell cycle$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do microRNAs (miRNA) have a role in regulating within cells?

<p>$Cell cycle$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pathological investigations involves studying a specimen from a lesion during life?

<p>$Biopsy$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of fixative fluid in histopathology?

<p>To prevent autolysis of materials obtained during post-mortem examination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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