26 Questions
What is the main characteristic of pitting edema?
It is generalized
Which condition leads to hyperemia due to arteriolar dilatation?
Muscle exercise
What is the main cause of congestion?
Obstructed venous flow
Which condition leads to localized, non-pitting edema?
Lymphatic obstruction
What leads to generalized, pitting edema?
Increased vascular hydrostatic pressure
What is the cause of hemorrhage as described in the text?
Spontaneous destruction of vessel wall or diseases of vascular wall
Which type of hemorrhage is characterized by accumulation of blood within tissues?
Interstitial hemorrhage
What is the main effect of chronic external blood loss as described in the text?
Iron deficiency
What are the three components of Virchow's triad, which are considered in the pathogenesis of thrombosis?
Roughness of the intima, slowing of blood flow, changes in composition of blood
What is the definition of embolism as per the text?
Circulation of insoluble material and its impaction in a narrow blood vessel.
What does the science of pathology primarily deal with?
Study of diseases
Which term refers to factors that help in the development of a disease?
Predisposing factors
What is the main distinction between predisposing and exciting factors?
Predisposing factors cause lesions, while exciting factors help in disease development.
Which type of factors are responsible for increased susceptibility to certain diseases?
Predisposing factors
What do etiological factors primarily encompass?
Environmental and acquired factors
What do endogenous factors mainly involve?
Internal factors within the body
What is the meaning of pathogenesis in the context of the text?
The mechanisms by which the causative agent produces the pathological changes in the tissues
What is the main purpose of a biopsy in histopathology?
To study a specimen from the lesion during life
What are the genes damaged in one of three classes with roles regulating the cell cycle, as described in the text?
Tumour suppressor genes
What is the main function of mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2) as described in the text?
To repair DNA damage
What is the definition of prognosis in relation to a disease?
The forecast of the course and termination of a disease
What is the primary purpose of an autopsy as described in the text?
To conduct a post-mortem examination of the cadaver
What do Tumour suppressor genes regulate within cells?
$Cell cycle$
What do microRNAs (miRNA) have a role in regulating within cells?
$Cell cycle$
What type of pathological investigations involves studying a specimen from a lesion during life?
$Biopsy$
What is the main purpose of fixative fluid in histopathology?
To prevent autolysis of materials obtained during post-mortem examination
Test your knowledge on the causes and types of edema, including factors such as increased vascular hydrostatic pressure, tissue osmotic pressure, decreased blood osmotic pressure, acute inflammation, and lymphatic obstruction. Explore the classification of edema based on its site, such as generalized (cardiac, renal) and localized edema.
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