Circulation Chapter 14

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease according to the text?

Physical inactivity

Diabetes

Obesity

All of the above (correct)

What is the state rank for physical inactivity in Mississippi in 2021?

49 (correct)

What is the percentage of adults who reported being physically inactive in Mississippi in 2021?

3% (correct)

14.6%

None of the above

What is the leading cause of death in women according to the text?

Cardiovascular disease Signup and view all the answers

How many women in the US are living with breast cancer according to the text?

3 million Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of women in Mississippi who reported being told by a health professional that they have heart disease in 2021?

9.9% Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, which group of people may have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease?

People with periodontal infection Signup and view all the answers

How many people are turning 65 every day according to the text?

10,000 Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is an important part of overall health?

Maintaining oral hygiene Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the state rank for adult diabetes in Mississippi in 2021?

48 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation from the American Heart Association for people with heart disease?

Avoid anticoagulant medications. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the circulatory system?

To deliver nutrients and remove wastes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for blood flow through a vessel?

F = ∆P / R Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance?

Pressure and flow are directly proportional, while resistance is inversely proportional to pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What type of flow occurs when blood flows at a steady rate and each layer of blood remains the same distance from the wall?

Laminar flow Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the vascular tree has the thickest muscular wall and controls blood flow?

Arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the vascular tree has the thinnest wall and is responsible for nutrient exchange?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pressure lowest in the circulatory system?

Veins Signup and view all the answers

Why is the venous system considered to have high compliance?

Because it has a thin muscle wall and can collect blood from capillaries. Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for cardiac output?

CO = F x R Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a measure of the tendency for turbulence to occur in blood flow?

Reynolds' number Signup and view all the answers

What is the resistance of the entire circulatory system called?

Total peripheral resistance (TPR) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has the most significant impact on resistance to blood flow?

Vessel diameter Signup and view all the answers

According to the 4th power law, what happens to resistance when vessel diameter increases?

Resistance decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for blood flow according to Poiseuille's Law?

$F = p \Delta P r^4 / 8 h L$ Signup and view all the answers

How is total resistance in a parallel circuit calculated?

By taking the reciprocal of the sum of the resistances of each individual branch Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between hematocrit and viscosity?

As hematocrit increases, viscosity increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal hematocrit range for females?

38-42% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of antibiotic prophylaxis before invasive dental procedures in individuals with anemia?

To prevent possible infection risk Signup and view all the answers

Which method measures blood flow by utilizing the generation of electromotive force in blood moving through a magnetic field?

Electromagnetic flowmeter Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Physical inactivity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease

Mississippi Health Statistics

In 2021, Mississippi had the highest state rank for physical inactivity
In 2021, 47.7% of adults in Mississippi reported being physically inactive
In 2021, 7.3% of women in Mississippi reported being told by a health professional that they have heart disease

Women's Health

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in women
Approximately 3.5 million women in the US are living with breast cancer

Cardiovascular Disease and Age

Older adults may have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease
Every day, approximately 10,000 people turn 65

Overall Health

Regular physical activity is an important part of overall health

Diabetes in Mississippi

In 2021, Mississippi ranked 4th in the state rank for adult diabetes

American Heart Association Recommendations

The American Heart Association recommends regular physical activity, a healthy diet, and maintaining a healthy weight for people with heart disease

Circulatory System

The main function of the circulatory system is to transport oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs
Blood flow through a vessel is calculated by the equation Q = ΔP / R, where Q is flow, ΔP is pressure difference, and R is resistance

Blood Flow

The relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance is: flow is directly proportional to pressure difference and inversely proportional to resistance
Laminar flow occurs when blood flows at a steady rate and each layer of blood remains the same distance from the vessel wall
The equation for cardiac output is CO = HR x SV, where CO is cardiac output, HR is heart rate, and SV is stroke volume

Vascular Tree

Arterioles have the thickest muscular wall and control blood flow
Capillaries have the thinnest wall and are responsible for nutrient exchange
The pressure is lowest in the venous system
The venous system is considered to have high compliance due to its ability to expand and store blood

Resistance to Blood Flow

The resistance of the entire circulatory system is called total peripheral resistance
The Reynold's number is a measure of the tendency for turbulence to occur in blood flow
The factor that has the most significant impact on resistance to blood flow is vessel diameter
According to Poiseuille's Law, the equation for blood flow is Q = (π × r^4 × ΔP) / (8 × η × L), where Q is flow, r is vessel radius, ΔP is pressure difference, η is viscosity, and L is vessel length
In a parallel circuit, total resistance is calculated by 1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ... + 1/Rn

Hematocrit and Viscosity

The relationship between hematocrit and viscosity is: viscosity increases as hematocrit increases
The normal hematocrit range for females is 37-48%

Anemia and Antibiotic Prophylaxis

The purpose of antibiotic prophylaxis before invasive dental procedures in individuals with anemia is to prevent bacterial endocarditis

Blood Flow Measurement

The electromagnetic flowmeter measures blood flow by utilizing the generation of electromotive force in blood moving through a magnetic field

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Description

Test your knowledge of circulation physiology with this quiz covering chapters 14-19. Explore why understanding circulation physiology is crucial for healthcare professionals. Discover the latest statistics on America's health ranking, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, and physical inactivity. Challenge yourself and improve your understanding of this important field.