Circular Queue and Graph Indegree and Outdegree

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in the search method?

Calculating mid position from an array and comparing the mid position element with the search element.

How does the search process end in the search method?

If a match is found, the search process ends.

What does the binary search do if the element is not found during comparison?

It divides the list into two parts and selects one part depending on whether the search element is less or greater than the mid position element.

How do you calculate the mid element in the binary search?

(lower + upper) / 2 Signup and view all the answers

What are the pointers used in the circular queue?

Rear pointer and front pointer Signup and view all the answers

How is the empty condition of the circular queue represented?

Front and rear both initialized to -1 Signup and view all the answers

How is the full condition of the circular queue checked?

If rear is set to max-1 and front is set to 0, or if rear = front+1 Signup and view all the answers

How is the deletion operation performed in the circular queue?

Front pointer is incremented by one to remove an element Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of a circular queue?

Utilization of space Signup and view all the answers

When is a circular queue considered full?

When there is no empty position in the queue Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of indegree in a graph with an example.

Indegree of a node is the number of edges coming towards the specified node. For example, Indegree of node A=1 Signup and view all the answers

Define outdegree in a graph and provide an example.

Outdegree of a node is the number of edges going out from the specified node. For example, Outdegree of node B=2 Signup and view all the answers

Explain the effect of PUSH operation on a stack of size 10 with the given elements 40, 30, 52, 86, 39, 45, 50 (50 at the top) when the element 59 is pushed onto the stack.

The element 59 will be added to the top of the stack, shifting 50 down, and the rest of the elements will remain unchanged. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the effect of POP operation on the same stack when the top element is popped.

The top element (50) will be removed, and the rest of the elements will remain unchanged. Signup and view all the answers

Sketch the final structure of the stack after performing the following operations: PUSH 85, POP, PUSH 59, POP.

The stack will contain 85 at the top after the first PUSH operation. Then, after the POP operation, the top element (85) will be removed. After the second PUSH operation, 59 will be at the top. Finally, after the second POP operation, the stack will contain 45, 39, 86, 52, 30, 40. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Search Method

First Step: The first step in the search method is to initialize two pointers, one at the beginning of the data set and one at the end.
End Condition: The search process ends when the pointers meet or cross each other.

Binary Search

Not Found: If the element is not found during comparison in a binary search, the search process continues by dividing the search space in half. The process repeats until the search space is reduced to one element or the element is found.
Mid Element: The mid element in a binary search is calculated by finding the average of the low and high pointers: mid = (low + high) / 2.

Circular Queue

Pointers: A circular queue uses two pointers: front and rear. The front pointer points to the front of the queue, and the rear pointer points to the rear of the queue.
Empty Condition: The circular queue is considered empty when front is equal to rear.
Full Condition: A circular queue is considered full when (rear + 1) % size == front, where size is the maximum size of the queue.
Deletion: Deletion in a circular queue involves updating the front pointer to point to the next element.
Advantage: The advantage of a circular queue is that it efficiently utilizes the available memory space by wrapping around to the beginning of the queue when the end is reached.

Circular Queue Full Condition Explained

A circular queue is considered full when the rear pointer is one position behind the front pointer, taking into account that the queue wraps around. This condition ensures there is no space left for new elements.

Graph Indegree and Outdegree

Indegree: The indegree of a node in a graph is the number of incoming edges to that node. For example, if a node has three edges pointing towards it, its indegree is three.
Outdegree: The outdegree of a node in a graph is the number of outgoing edges from that node. For instance, if a node has two edges going out from it, its outdegree is two.

Stack Operations

PUSH 59: Pushing 59 onto the stack of size 10 with elements 40, 30, 52, 86, 39, 45, 50 (50 at the top) results in the stack becoming: 40, 30, 52, 86, 39, 45, 50, 59. The top element is now 59.
POP: Popping the top element from the stack will remove 59, leaving the remaining elements: 40, 30, 52, 86, 39, 45, 50. The top element is now 50.

Stack Operations Sequence

The final structure of the stack after performing the operations PUSH 85, POP, PUSH 59, POP is: 40, 30, 52, 86, 39, 45, 50, 59. The top element is now 59.

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Description

This quiz covers the concept of circular queues, their advantage in space utilization, and the process of inserting elements in a circular queue. It also explains the concepts of indegree and outdegree in a graph, providing examples for better understanding.