Circular Economy and Plastic Waste Recycling
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) framework?

  • Promoting the use of non-biodegradable plastics
  • Minimizing plastic waste by segregating it at source and involving informal sectors (correct)
  • Increasing plastic production to meet market demands
  • Facilitating the transportation of plastic waste to landfills

    • Which of the following is NOT a category of plastic packaging as per the Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2022?

  • Multi-layered
  • Flexible
  • Non-biodegradable (correct)
  • Rigid

    • What is the responsibility of Producers, Importers, and Brand Owners (PIBOs) regarding recycling certificates?

  • They must share recycling certificates only from authorized recyclers. (correct)
  • They can share recycling certificates from any recycler, authorized or not.
  • They must share recycling certificates from both authorized and unauthorized recyclers.
  • They are not required to share any recycling certificates.

    • What is the purpose of the Plastic Waste Management (PWM) rules notified by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) in 2016?

    <p>To improve waste management through the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of waste generators, producers, and brand owners under the EPR framework?

    <p>They are responsible for efficient management of plastic waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2022?

    <p>To tackle the environmental impact due to unethical plastic dumping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of the EPR framework?

    <p>Increased plastic production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of PIBOs regarding the plastic packaging material released into the marketplace?

    <p>They must reflect the plastic packaging material released into the marketplace in the financial year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of involving informal sectors, such as waste pickers, recyclers, and waste processors, in the EPR framework?

    <p>To minimize plastic waste by segregating it at the source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the EPR framework?

    <p>Increased plastic production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Circular Economy

    • A regenerative system that minimizes resource input and waste, emission, and energy leakage by slowing, closing, and narrowing energy and material loops.
    • Achieved through long-lasting design, maintenance, repair, reuse, remanufacturing, refurbishing, and closed recycling loops.
    • Seeks to eliminate waste in the market, including wasted resources, capacities, life-cycles, and embedded values.

    Stakeholder Expectations

    • Consumers are more sustainably aware, with sustainability being one of the top 3 important purchase criteria by 2024.
    • 64% of consumers will pay more attention to the environmental impact of their consumption.
    • 55% say the environment will be a top priority in how they live and what they buy.
    • 30% will pay a premium for more sustainable goods and services.
    • 73% think brands have a responsibility to make positive change in the world.

    Focus Areas

    • 11 end-of-life products/recyclable materials/wastes that pose challenges or are emerging as new challenges:
      • Municipal solid and liquid waste
      • Scrap metal (ferrous and non-ferrous)
      • Solar panel waste
      • Lithium-ion batteries
      • Hazardous industrial waste
      • E-waste
      • Used oil waste
      • Gypsum waste
      • Agricultural waste
      • End-of-life vehicle
      • Tyre and rubber waste

    Circular Economy Strategies

    • R-strategy: Reduce
      • Higher efficiency in manufacturing and extended product use by consumers
      • Optimize consumption impact of end-consumer via data, build brand loyalty, smart and circular design
    • Optimize
      • Use of product which is fulfilling all original functions by another consumer
      • Platform to facilitate trustworthy marketplace for used products
    • Re-use
      • Repair and maintenance of a defect product to keep it in use
      • Provide “repair-sets” (e.g., from remanufacturing stream), digitalize service, standardization parts for repair
    • Repair
      • Remanufacture
      • Recycle
      • Use of remanufactured parts in a “new” product
      • Build a market for remanufacturing
      • Process materials to obtain same or lower quality

    Business Case Examples

    • HP Brazil: Perpetual Closed loop solution with 800 tons of recycled resins
      • Reverse consumer waste plastic into high-quality ester
      • 25% less energy to produce than virgin plastic, delivering cost savings of 15%
    • Cradle to Cradle Certified garment: Hundreds of perception millions USD in annual savings
      • Significant increase in basket size and consumer brand
    • Venlo (NL): Danone-Evian Venlo City Hall from Cradle to Cradle Agricultural Methanization
      • Attracting innovative businesses
      • Elimination of and updating the city’s image while reducing costs and energy
    • Schneider Electric: Product as a service as business model
      • Circular activities account for 12% of revenue and will save 100,000 metric tons of primary resources from 2018 to 2020

    Plastic Waste Management

    • Global plastic waste scenario: 60% of plastic waste is generated in high-income countries
      • Upper-middle-income countries: 40%
      • Lower-middle-income countries: 12%
      • Low-income countries: 4%
    • Waste composition by income level: Food & Green, Glass, Metal, Other, Paper & Cardboard, Plastic, Rubber & Leather, Wood
    • India plastic waste scenario:
      • 25000 million tonnes per year
      • Polymer demand: 7.1 lakh crores
      • Employment: 40 lakh
      • Processing unit: 30,000
      • Recycling rate (post-consumed): 60%
    • India plastic waste recycling stats:
      • 40% of plastic waste goes uncollected
      • Recyclable and non-recyclable forms of plastic
      • Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2022
      • Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) framework for minimization of plastic waste
      • Classification of plastic packaging into four primary categories: rigid, flexible, MLP, and compostable

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    Description

    Explore the concept of the circular economy and the business case for recycling plastic waste with insights from Senior Manager Reshma Chandra Khan from EY. Learn about regenerative systems, minimizing resource input and waste, and closing energy and material loops.

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