41 Neurosurgery

A type of nerve injury involving complete severing of the nerve, requiring surgery for repair.

Connect the middle cerebral arteries (supply blood to the lateral brain) to the posterior cerebral arteries (supply blood to the back of the brain).

Increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidneys, concentrating urine and reducing water loss.

Arteries branching from the middle cerebral artery, supplying blood to the frontal and parietal lobes, and connected via the anterior communicating artery.

Imaging technique used to quickly identify bleeding in the brain, crucial for diagnosing stroke.

A nerve's ability to regrow after injury, approximately 1 millimeter per day.

The most prevalent primary brain tumor in adults, aggressive and fast-growing.

A type of brain tumor with a high mortality rate, lacking effective treatments.

Cancer that frequently spreads to the brain, usually originating from the lungs.

A tumor affecting the eighth cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve), often causing hearing loss and balance problems.

The primary aim of treating subarachnoid hemorrhage due to aneurysms is to prevent re-bleeding and reduce the risk of complications by controlling pressure, surgically repairing the aneurysm, and addressing any neurological deficits.

This type of spinal cord injury is caused by hyperextension of the neck, leading to damage to the cervical spinal cord.

Condition where damage to the anterior spinal artery results in loss of motor function, pain, and temperature sensation below the injury level.

A hematoma caused by torn veins bridging the brain and dura mater, appearing crescent-shaped on a CT scan.

The most sensitive imaging technique for diagnosing spinal cord injuries, providing detailed information about the extent of the injury.

The classic symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage include a sudden, severe headache, often described as 'the worst headache of their life,' accompanied by neck stiffness and potential neurological deficits.

Elevated pressure within the skull caused by swelling or fluid buildup, resulting in symptoms like stupor, headache, nausea, and vomiting.

The first-line treatment for subdural hematoma is surgical intervention for significant neurological decline or mass effects, typically when the hematoma thickness exceeds 10 millimeters or midline shift exceeds 5 millimeters.

The most common location for myelomeningocele, a birth defect where the spinal cord doesn't close properly.

The facial nerve (VII) controls both taste sensation for the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and facial muscle movement.

An area in the brain responsible for producing speech by controlling the muscles involved in articulation.

The abducens nerve (VI) innervates the lateral rectus muscle, which helps move the eye outward.

A condition characterized by persistent burning pain in an affected area, often following an injury or nerve damage. It's also known as causalgia.

Surgical removal is the preferred treatment for brain abscesses larger than 2.5 centimeters, aimed at eliminating the infection and preventing complications.

Symptoms in premature infants include bulging fontanelle, neurological deficits, and decreased blood pressure, suggesting bleeding in the brain's ventricles.

Premature infants with low birth weight, maternal diabetes, and those receiving high oxygen concentration therapy are at higher risk of developing intraventricular hemorrhage.

The phrenic nerve, originating from the cervical nerve roots 3–5, controls the diaphragm, the primary muscle for breathing.