41 Neurosurgery
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41 Neurosurgery

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Questions and Answers

Which type of nerve injury involves the disruption of axon and myelin sheath, requiring surgery for recovery?

  • Regeneration
  • Neurotmesis (correct)
  • Axonotmesis
  • Neurapraxia

    • What is the function of the posterior communicating arteries in the circle of Willis?

  • Connect middle cerebral arteries to anterior cerebral arteries
  • Connect middle cerebral arteries to posterior cerebral arteries (correct)
  • Branch off to form anterior cerebral arteries
  • Form the basilar artery

    • What is the main function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in response to high plasma osmolarity?

  • Increases water secretion from the collecting ducts
  • Increases water absorption in distal convoluted tubules
  • Decreases water absorption in collecting ducts
  • Increases water absorption in collecting ducts (correct)

    • Which artery branches off the middle cerebral arteries and is connected to the other through the anterior communicating artery in the circle of Willis?

    <p>Anterior cerebral arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What imaging technique is recommended to rule out hemorrhage in a suspected stroke case?

    <p>CT scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what rate does nerve regeneration occur?

    <p>$1 mm/day$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common primary brain tumor in adults and overall?

    <p>Glioma multiforme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of brain tumor is uniformly fatal?

    <p>Glioma multiforme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the #1 metastasis to the brain?

    <p>Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with acoustic neuroma?

    <p>Hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of treating subarachnoid hemorrhage due to cerebral aneurysms?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of spinal cord injury is most commonly associated with hyperextension of the cervical spine?

    <p>Central cord syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results in bilateral loss of motor, pain, and temperature sensation below the level of lesion?

    <p>Anterior spinal artery syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hematoma is caused by torn bridging veins and has a crescent shape on head CT?

    <p>Subdural hematoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most sensitive test for spinal cord injury?

    <p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms commonly associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (nontraumatic)?

    <p>Worst headache of their life, stiff neck, neurologic defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

    <p>Stupor, headache, nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line treatment for subdural hematoma?

    <p>Operate for significant neurologic degeneration or mass effect (thickness &gt;10 mm or midline shift &gt;5 mm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common site of occurrence of myelomeningocele?

    <p>Lumbar region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for both taste sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and motor function to the face?

    <p>Facial nerve (VII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Broca's area in the brain?

    <p>Speech motor function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye?

    <p>Abducens nerve (VI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (causalgia)?

    <p>Constant burning pain in the affected area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for a brain abscess if it is larger than 2.5 cm?

    <p>Surgical removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pediatric neurosurgery, what are the symptoms of intraventricular hemorrhage (subependymal hemorrhage) seen in premature infants?

    <p>Bulging fontanelle, neurologic deficits, and decreased BP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a patient with pituitary adenoma undergoing XRT who presents with shock, what is the most appropriate initial treatment?

    <p>Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the risk factors for intraventricular hemorrhage (subependymal hemorrhage) in premature infants?

    <p>Low birth weight, maternal diabetes, and high oxygen concentration therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cervical nerves roots 3–5 innervate diaphragm, which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

    <p>Phrenic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

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