Cinematography and Color Theory
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Questions and Answers

What is the responsibility of the cinematographer?

Lighting

What are the two types of lighting?

  • Low Key Lighting
  • High Key Lighting
  • Natural lighting (correct)
  • Studio Lighting (correct)

    • Low Key lighting is brightly lit and easily visible.

    False (B)

    High Contrast lighting is a type of lighting that blends light and darkness together.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for the color choices on set?

    <p>Production design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The editor has little control over color grading.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color can represent sadness and coldness?

    <p>Blue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color can represent growth and wealth?

    <p>Green (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Black and white photography emphasizes external action.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Over-saturation is making colors dull and muted.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of desaturation in film?

    <p>Muting and taking away colors during color grading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atmospheric color is when the local color of an object is affected by the environment.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the unaltered color of an object?

    <p>Local color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Receding colors, such as beiges and grays, are eye-catching.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a light motif in color?

    <p>A color that is repeated often and becomes associated with a specific theme or element in the film.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an ironic use of color in film?

    <p>A happy scene depicted in dark colors (A), A sad scene depicted in bright colors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cinematographer?

    <p>Director of photography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cinematic syntax?

    <p>The order of information given in a scene or over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does blocking refer to in film?

    <p>The arrangement of people and objects within the frame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low angle is when the camera is above looking down.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the meaning or significance of a shot in film?

    <p>Semantics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pragmatics refers to the context surrounding a shot, influencing its meaning.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ‘suture’ in film?

    <p>The connection between the viewer and the film, creating a sense of immersion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these are subjective POV shots?

    <p>Point of View (A), Eye-line match (C), Eye-line shot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A dirty shoulder shot is an indirect subjective POV.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An incomplete POV shot requires only one shot.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a found POV shot?

    <p>A shot that starts with the person of the POV, then finds the source of the POV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an objective POV shot?

    <p>A shot that is neutral and unbiased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A slow zoom is a quick zoom in on an object.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a director's POV shot?

    <p>A shot that draws the viewer's attention to something specific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An extreme high angle is a shot from directly above, also known as a god POV.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a long take/continuous take?

    <p>A shot that continues for an extended period of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a shot that has both characters in a conversation?

    <p>Master shot (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A shot reverse shot is a quick cut back and forth between two characters.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a shaky camera/handheld camera?

    <p>A camera that moves around, often used to create authenticity or emotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are composition lines?

    <p>Lines that cut through the frame, influencing the viewer's attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Perpendicular lines suggest dynamic movement and action.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is foreground framing?

    <p>When the subject is placed in the background and information is in the frame (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fixed camera movements include panning and tilting.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of camera movement moves horizontally?

    <p>Dolly shot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A tracking shot is a dolly shot that moves back and forth along a horizontal plane.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a camera movement that moves vertically?

    <p>Crane shot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deep focus is when only one thing is in focus.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rack focus?

    <p>Shifting focus from one element to another within a single shot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a soft focus lens?

    <p>A lens that diffuses white light, softening the image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A wide angle lens is also known as a fish-eye lens.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the golden hour in film?

    <p>The time of day when the light is soft and golden, ideal for filming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cutaway in film?

    <p>Cutting to a different part of the scene, often for a brief moment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key concept behind Soviet editing techniques?

    <p>Montage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Kuleshov experiment demonstrates the power of editing to create emotional impact.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is continuity editing?

    <p>A style of editing that creates a seamless and consistent flow of events in a film.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discontinuity editing often intentionally confuses the viewer.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Cinematography

    The art and technique of using light and camera movements to create visual imagery in film.

    High Key Lighting

    A scene brightly lit, making everything clearly visible.

    Low Key Lighting

    A scene with significant darkness and shadows.

    Color Symbolism

    Colors evoke specific emotions or concepts.

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    Black and White Film

    Film without color, often used to emphasize internal conflicts.

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    Saturation

    The intensity of color.

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    Over Saturation

    Excessive color intensity, making colors pop.

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    Desaturation

    Reducing color intensity, making colors muted.

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    Atmospheric Color

    When the local color of something is changed by outside factors.

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    Local Color

    The inherent color of something, not affected by the environment.

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    Advancing Colors

    Colors that appear to come forward in an image.

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    Receding Colors

    Colors that visually recede, or pull back, in an image.

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    Light Motif

    A repeated color that represents something symbolically throughout a film.

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    Cinematic Syntax

    The order of information presented in a scene or film.

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    Blocking

    Arrangement of people and objects in the frame.

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    Low Angle

    Camera angle from below, looking upwards.

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    High Angle

    Camera angle from above, looking down.

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    POV Shot

    Camera viewpoint from a character's perspective.

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    Montage

    A sequence edited to condense, extend, or show no time.

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    Crosscutting

    Showing scenes that occur at different locations, in parallel.

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    Continuity Editing

    Editing that creates a clear, logical flow of events.

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    Jump Cut

    Editing that abruptly skips forward in time.

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    Close-up

    Shot focusing on a character's face or a small object.

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    Study Notes

    Lighting

    • Cinematographers are responsible for lighting.
    • Directors and cinematographers collaborate.
    • Natural lighting uses existing light sources (sun, moon, etc.).
    • Studio lighting is controlled by technicians.
    • Low key lighting creates shadows.
    • High key lighting is brightly lit.
    • High contrast lighting uses light and dark.
    • Chiaroscuro lighting uses dramatic contrast.

    Color

    • Visual design manages colors in a film.
    • Production design handles on-set color choices.
    • Cinematography and editing crews control color using cameras and grading.
    • Colors evoke specific emotions:
      • Red: anger, violence, love, passion
      • Blue: sadness, cold, purity, tranquility
      • Yellow: happiness, cowardice, heat, hope
      • Green: nature, sickness, growth, envy, greed
      • Purple: royalty, death, rarity
      • Orange: warmth, coziness
      • Brown: nature, earth, reliability

    Black and White Photography

    • Black and white de-emphasizes external action, emphasizing internal action.
    • Flashbacks are often in black and white to focus on events.

    Saturation

    • Over-saturation makes colors overly vibrant.
    • Desaturation lessens color intensity in editing.
    • Neutral colors look consistent between set and film.

    Atmospheric Color

    • Atmospheric color modifies a subject's color based on the environment.
    • Local color is the subject's inherent color.

    Advancing and Receding Colors

    • Advancing colors are bright and attention-grabbing.
    • Receding colors (beige, gray) are less noticeable.

    Light Motif in Color

    • Repeated colors create associations with themes across a film.

    Expressionism and Ironic/Surrealistic Color Use

    • Expressionism uses color to express emotion.
    • Ironic color use is unexpected color choice.
    • Surrealistic color use breaks established color palettes.

    Cinematography

    • Cinematographer is the director of photography.

    • Visual language separates film from other art forms.

    • Cinematic syntax is the order of information in a scene.

    • Blocking arranges people and objects within the frame.

    • Semantics determines a shot's meaning.

    • Low and high angles create specific effects.

    • Pragmatics affects shot meaning based on context.

    • Perspective/Suture is point of view.

    • Subjective POV creates a strong connection.

    • Eye-line shot, pure POVs, subjective POVs illustrate perspective.

    • Breaking the fourth wall involves character interaction with the audience.

    • Dirty shoulder creates a documentary feel.

    • Incomplete POV uses multiple shots.

    • Found POV shows the viewpoint through the source.

    • Objective POV is neutral and unbiased.

    • Slow zoom focuses slowly on an object.

    • Director POV highlights a specific element.

    • Extreme high angle/God POV is very high or directly from above.

    • Long take/continuous take is an extended shot.

    • Close-up (neck up), medium shot (hips up). long shot (subject far away/ surrounded by environment)

    • Two shot, three shot, group shot for number of characters framed.

    • Shot over shot and master shot use two scenes.

    • Shot reverse shot showcases conversation.

    • Shaky cam simulates authenticity or emotion.

    • Composition lines (perpendicular, diagonal, curved) create visual effect.

    • Foreground framing emphasizes elements in the background.

    • Fixed camera allows panning and tilting.

    • Camera movement includes dolly/tracking, crane shots.

    • Dolly zoom shows spatial relationship between foreground and background.

    • Deep focus: everything in focus.

    • Shallow focus: one thing in focus.

    • Rack focus: changing focus within a shot

    • Soft focus: diffuses light.

    • Wide-angle/fisheye lens expands visual field.

    • Golden hour refers to filming at daylight.

    Production design

    • Film adaptations often use set design to establish character status.
    • Camera angles show character importance.
    • Lighting creates tone changes in a scene.

    Editing

    • Soviet editing techniques apply to modern films.
    • The Kuleshov experiment used montage.
    • Editing creates emotional impact.
    • Continuity editing is clear and predictable (Hollywood style).
    • Discontinuity editing is deliberately challenging.
    • Montage (explanatory/intellectual) condenses/compares scenes.
    • Intercutting changes between scenes/images.
    • Crosscutting uses different locations in parallel.
    • Fade in/out transitions gradually show/hide images.
    • Dissolve/fade smoothly shows transitions.
    • Form cut: matching scene compositions.
    • Hard cut: abrupt transition.
    • Smash cut: sudden, abrupt end.
    • J-cut: sound from old scene lingers.
    • L-cut: sound from new scene begins.
    • Iris wipe: circular transition effect.
    • Ellipsis shows gaps in time.
    • Jump cuts quickly advances time.
    • Flash cuts rapidly advance time/action.
    • Split screen shows multiple views.
    • Composite editing combines frames.
    • Superimposed (imposition) editing has one image layering over another.
    • Thawed frame moves a still image.
    • Still shots, slow-motion, fast motion
    • Time-lapse

    Sound Design

    • Sound sets film tone.
    • Sound mixer collects sound during filming
    • Sound editor, sound desginer work in post-production.
    • Foley artists create sound effects.
    • Ambient sounds are natural to the environment.
    • Preferred sound effect emphasizes a sound.
    • Expressionism through sound manipulates sound.
    • Distorted sound intentionally alters sounds.
    • Echo repeats sounds.
    • Silence is a sound effect.
    • Cut on sound emphasizes effects.
    • Non-diegetic sound comes from outside the film.
    • Sound as symbol has literal and figurative meaning.
    • 3D sound emphasizes screen space.
    • ADR (Audio dialogue replacement) corrects dialogue.
    • Slow-motion sound usually accompanies slow-motion.

    Dialogue

    • Dialogue can be monosyllabic or polysyllabic.

    Score

    • Composers create new music.
    • Musical supervisors secure music rights.
    • Music associates with film themes.
    • Mickey mousing synchronizes music with actions.
    • Peter and the wolfing associates music with characters.
    • Diegetic score is audible to characters.
    • Symbolic score represents themes.
    • Ironic score contrasts actions and music.
    • Expressionism in score shows internal character states.
    • Initial score sets tone.

    Animation

    • Animation is expensive before Snow White.
    • Each frame is set individually.
    • Animation, not just children's animation.
    • Key frame animation are important frames.
    • In-betweens fill animation gaps.
    • Stop-motion adjusts figures in each frame.
    • Puppet animation use maniputable figures.
    • Claymation uses clay.
    • Japanese anime expresses culture/identity.
    • Post-humanism explores beyond human limits.
    • Mocap (Motion Capture) animates from actor’s body movements.
    • Pixelation uses everyday objects to convey life.
    • Expressionist animation expresses emotion.

    Style and Director

    • Auteur style expresses director personality
    • Pedro Almodòvar's style blends Spanish elements with Hollywood techniques.
    • Fantastic Realism (genre) blends realism with exaggeration.
    • Color choices contribute to satire in Almodòvar's films.
    • Films often use intertextuality and mise-en-abyme.
    • Marginalized characters are not story drivers; they represent character identity.

    Genres

    • Genre conventions describe rules and patterns.
    • Iconography describes genre aesthetics.
    • Horror/SciFi/Fantasy share common roots in fear (of body, technology, culture).
    • Horror films depict monsters representing ideas or societal conflict.
    • Settings align with subgenres.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the critical aspects of lighting and color in cinematography. It covers topics such as the roles of cinematographers and directors, techniques of lighting, and the emotional impact of colors in films. Test your knowledge on how visual elements shape the storytelling in cinema.

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