Cilia and Types of Epithelia
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Questions and Answers

Which intercellular adhesion structure is responsible for mediating communication between cells?

  • Desmosomes
  • Gap junctions (correct)
  • Tight junctions
  • Adherent junctions

    • Which proteins form hexameric complexes called connexons in gap junctions?

  • Catenin
  • Cadherins
  • Connexins (correct)
  • Claudin

    • Which type of junction firmly anchors a cell to its neighbors?

  • Tight junctions
  • Gap junctions
  • Adherent junctions (correct)
  • Desmosomes

    • What is the main function of basement membranes in epithelial tissues?

    <p>Provide structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of junction ensures that molecules cross through a transcellular path and not a paracellular path?

    <p>Tight junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do desmosomes mainly contain that are members of the cadherin family?

    <p>Desmoglein and desmocollin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specific proteins act as anchoring proteins on the cytoplasmic side of desmosomes?

    <p>Plakoglobin and desmoplakin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of microvilli found on epithelial cells?

    <p>Absorption of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a main function of epithelia as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Muscle Contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region of the cell that contacts the connective tissue known as?

    <p>Basal pole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of collagen is found in the reticular lamina?

    <p>Type 3 collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two layers of the basement membrane?

    <p>Basal lamina and Reticular lamina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connective tissue underlies the epithelia lining the organs in digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems?

    <p>Lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glycoprotein holds together laminin and type 4 collagen at the basal pole?

    <p>Entactin/nidogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the sizes and shapes that epithelia can be classified into?

    <p>Columnar, Cuboidal, Squamous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Lamina propria' is a connective tissue that underlies the epithelia lining which organs?

    <p>Òigestive, Respiratory, and Urinary systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cilia is responsible for its movement?

    <p>Axoneme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is stratified squamous keratinized epithelium typically found?

    <p>Skin epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the urinary tract?

    <p>Transitional epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium has cells that are taller than they are wide?

    <p>Columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between stratified squamous keratinized and nonkeratinized epithelium?

    <p>Presence of keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are stratified columnar epithelial cells typically found?

    <p>Eyelids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of epithelium are cells heavily ciliated?

    <p>Pseudostratified columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core structure of cilia made up of?

    <p>9 peripheral microtubular doublets and 2 central microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a Goblet cell?

    <p>Secreting lubricating mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

    <p>Exocrine glands lose connection with the original epithelium, while endocrine glands keep connection with the surface epithelium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glands can have branching ducts and multiple secretory portions?

    <p>Compound glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 2 mechanisms of protein secretion in multicellular glands?

    <p>Merocrine secretion and exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of gland accumulates products as cells mature and release them by disrupting?

    <p>Holocrine gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of connective tissue in glands?

    <p>To separate glands into lobules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelial cells can be found in simple cuboidal and pseudostratified epithelia?

    <p>Sensory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of secretory portions can acinar glands have?

    <p>Sac-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of secretion involves the products being extruded to release along with a bit of cytoplasm and plasma membrane?

    <p>Apocrine secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells stain with basophilic or acidophilic stains?

    <p>Serous cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do mucous cells, such as goblet cells, contain?

    <p>Mucins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of salivary glands are described as having both serous acini and mucous tubules?

    <p>Mixed seromucous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are myoepithelial cells found in exocrine glands?

    <p>Around the basal ends of secretory or duct cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What helps propel secretory products into and up the duct system?

    <p>Contraction of myoepithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism involved in the transport across epithelia within cells?

    <p>$Na^{+}/K^{+}$ pumps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the movement of molecules between the apical and basolateral membranes in cells?

    <p>$Transcytosis$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Intercellular Structures and Functions

    • Gap junctions mediate communication between cells, allowing the passage of ions and small molecules.
    • Connexons, hexameric complexes in gap junctions, are comprised of connexin proteins.
    • Desmosomes provide strong anchoring between adjacent cells, enhancing tissue integrity.

    Basement Membranes and Epithelial Properties

    • Basement membranes support and anchor epithelial tissues to underlying connective tissues.
    • They consist of two layers: the basal lamina and the reticular lamina.
    • Type IV collagen is a major component of the reticular lamina.

    Junction Types and Molecular Pathways

    • Tight junctions ensure that molecules pass through cells (transcellular pathway) rather than between them (paracellular pathway).
    • Desmosomes primarily contain cadherins, which are crucial for cell adhesion.

    Epithelial Cell Features

    • Microvilli increase surface area for absorption and secretion in epithelial cells.
    • The contact area of epithelial cells with connective tissue is referred to as the basal surface.
    • Epithelia can vary in size and shape, primarily classified into squamous, cuboidal, and columnar types.

    Specific Epithelial Types and Locations

    • Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium is typically found in the skin's outer layer.
    • Transitional epithelium lines the urinary tract, providing flexibility and stretch.
    • Columnar epithelium features taller cells and can be found in various organs, including the respiratory tract.

    Cilia and Goblet Cells

    • Cilia are motile structures, with movement driven by dynein arms within their core structure.
    • Goblet cells secrete mucus, playing a protective and lubricating role in epithelial linings.

    Glandular Epithelial Functions

    • Exocrine glands secrete products externally through ducts, while endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream.
    • Compound glands can have branching ducts with multiple secretory regions.
    • Secretory mechanisms include merocrine (products released without damaging the cell), holocrine (entire cell disintegrates to release products), and apocrine (cell membrane buds off with secretion).

    Myoepithelial Cells and Secretory Mechanisms

    • Myoepithelial cells are located between basement membranes and epithelial cells, aiding in the expulsion of secretory products.
    • Transport across epithelial cells involves transcytosis, facilitating movement between the apical and basolateral membranes.

    Staining and Cell Types

    • Glandular cells can be classified by staining properties: basophilic (staining with basic dyes) and acidophilic (staining with acidic dyes).
    • Mucous cells, such as goblet cells, contain mucin granules, which contribute to mucus production.
    • Salivary glands can consist of both serous acini (watery secretion) and mucous tubules (thicker secretion).

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    Related Documents

    Chapter 4 PDF: Epithelial Tissues

    Description

    Learn about the structure of cilia, including the core structure and movement mechanisms, along with the two main groups of epithelia: covering and secretory. Explore the characteristics of simple and stratified epithelia.

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