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Questions and Answers

What is a major consequence of using antibiotics like Clindamycin?

  • It cures Clostridium infections.
  • It promotes the growth of C.difficile. (correct)
  • It enhances normal flora.
  • It prevents food allergies.
  • Which of the following treatments is recommended for C.difficile associated diarrhea?

  • Ibuprofen
  • Metronidazole (correct)
  • Amoxicillin
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Which gut microbe is associated with preventing peanut allergies?

  • Lactobacillus
  • Clostridia (correct)
  • Bifidobacterium
  • Oxalobacter
  • What role does Oxalobacter formigenes play related to kidney stones?

    <p>It reduces the risk of calcium oxalate kidney stones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical relapse rate for C.difficile infections after treatment?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does normal microflora play in the human body?

    <p>It provides protective functions against pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pathogen is more likely to cause disease when the immune system is compromised?

    <p>Opportunistic pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main environmental factors that can influence the composition of normal flora in the human body?

    <p>Diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is typically found in the stomach environment?

    <p>Lactobacillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a function that normal flora performs related to the immune system?

    <p>Stimulates the development of the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the nervous system regarding microbial presence?

    <p>It is sterile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of the nasopharynx affects its normal flora?

    <p>Presence of hairs for filtering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major factor influences the development of human flora after birth?

    <p>Type of delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which environment is microbial diversity typically higher?

    <p>Colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a gnotobiotic animal?

    <p>Its microbiome is known and controlled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can normal microflora potentially cause infection?

    <p>When it becomes a reservoir of infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is TRUE regarding the circulatory system and microbial presence?

    <p>It can have transient bacteremia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following interactions can occur between normal flora and human hosts?

    <p>Mutualism provides benefits to both organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do bile salts have on the intestines?

    <p>They buffer the pH of the intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the genitourinary tract is correct?

    <p>The upper regions are typically sterile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the NIH Human Microbiome Project launched in 2008?

    <p>To investigate the relationship between the microbiome and health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to amplify bacterial DNA from skin samples for identification purposes?

    <p>PCR amplification using primers that bind to 16S rRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major limitation of restriction enzyme digestion profiling?

    <p>It does not provide taxonomic identification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is associated with the microbe H. Pylori?

    <p>Gastric ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of metagenomic analysis?

    <p>Many identified genes have unknown functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for opportunistic infections?

    <p>High levels of normal flora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way normal flora can influence human health negatively?

    <p>Alteration of the microbiome due to stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sequencing method requires significant sequencing capacity and is used to analyze microbial communities?

    <p>Metagenomic analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria is associated with rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>B. burgdorferi</p> Signup and view all the answers

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