40 Questions
The movement of Eutychianism is still present today.
False
Nestorium was a prominent figure in church history.
True
The terms Usia, Fusis, and Huperstossis were used interchangeably in discussing church history.
True
The term Usia referred to essence in the minds of the writers.
False
Dr. MacArthur mentioned the difficulty of translating a single word into 21 different words.
True
There were only two distinct meanings for the terms Usia, Fusis, and Huperstossis.
False
The writers of the time were not concerned with using language carefully.
False
The term Superstasis referred to essence in the minds of the writers.
False
The diagram used to describe the divine and human nature of Christ is considered to be perfect and fully explanatory.
False
The concept of enhupistasis refers to the process of Christ becoming fully human.
True
Christ's divine nature was absent during his time in the womb.
False
Only God has the authority to forgive sins on earth.
True
The God-man, Jesus, was incapable of experiencing human emotions such as hunger and thirst.
False
Christ's sinlessness was a result of his not being tempted or tested.
False
The concept of the incarnation implies that Christ was not capable of experiencing real temptation.
False
The Bible does not provide any testimony about the sinlessness of Christ.
False
A person is a non-material substantive entity with a nature.
False
An animal is a person with an animal nature.
False
Christ is a person with only a divine nature.
False
The nature is a part of a person in the substantive sense.
False
The term 'huppustasis' fully describes the nature of Jesus Christ.
False
Enhuppustasis means that Jesus Christ is 50% divine and 50% human.
False
The diagram provided by Dr. George Zemeck shows the logos as a mixture of divine and human natures.
False
The human nature of Jesus Christ includes sin.
False
Pre-fallen humanity was able to sin.
False
Christ, as fully human, is part of unregenerate humanity.
False
Regenerate humanity, after the fall, is able not to sin.
True
Glorified humanity is still able to sin.
False
Canham's article proposes that Christ's impeccability is an antinomy.
True
The decrees of God ensure Christ's sinlessness.
True
Christ's divine nature is susceptible to sin.
False
Christ's impeccability can be resolved by removing his immutability.
False
According to 1 John 3, in Christ, there is sin.
False
Judas' words 'I betrayed innocent blood' imply that Christ was guilty of sin.
False
Pilate's judgement was that Christ was guilty of sin.
False
The witness of the early church and the apostles' preaching testify to Christ's sinful nature.
False
Hebrews 4 and 7 describe Christ as a blemished sacrifice.
False
Christ's temptation was not real or intense.
False
The discussion of impeccability begins with the question of whether Christ could have sinned.
False
CFD Moo suggests that Christ's human nature was capable of sin.
False
Study Notes
Christology: Understanding the Person of Jesus
- The early church struggled to understand the nature of Jesus Christ, leading to various heresies, such as Nestorianism and Eutychianism.
- The terms used in the discussion of Christ's nature include:
- Usia (substance)
- Fusis (essence)
- Hypostasis (subsistence)
- Prosopon (person)
- These terms were used in different ways by different writers, making it difficult to understand the exact meaning.
The Nature of Jesus
- A person is a nature with something added (individuality, subsistence).
- Jesus is a person with a divine and human nature.
- The divine nature is not part of the person in a substantive sense, but it is part of the person in a non-substantive sense.
Enhypostasis
- Enhypostasis is the concept that the divine nature of Jesus provides a subsistence for the human nature.
- It is the best way to describe the person of Jesus, as 100% divine and 100% human.
- The concept of enhypostasis is impersonal, meaning it is not a separate person, but a union of the divine and human natures.
The Hypostatic Union
- The hypostatic union is the union of the divine and human natures in Jesus.
- It is a union without confusion, separation, division, or mixture.
- The diagram of the hypostatic union shows the divine nature and human nature as separate, but united in one person.
The Person of Jesus
- Jesus is a man with a divine nature, and his divinity is essential to his person.
- He is the Son of God and the Son of Man.
- He is fully human, but not part of unregenerate humanity.
- He experienced real testing and temptation, but did not sin.
Impeccability
- Impeccability means that Jesus was not able to sin.
- It is a consequence of his divinity, and it is essential to his person.
- The discussion of impeccability often leads to the question of whether Jesus could have sinned or not.
- Some argue that Jesus was able not to sin, but did not sin because of his divine nature.
Four Conceptions of Humanity
- There are four different conceptions of humanity:
- Pre-fallen humanity: able not to sin
- Post-fallen humanity: not able not to sin
- Regenerate humanity: able not to sin
- Glorified humanity: not able to sin
Theological Methodology
- Canham's article proposes that the issue of impeccability is an antinomy, which means it is a difficult concept to resolve, but not a real contradiction.
- The decrees of God are also relevant to the discussion of impeccability, as God decreed that Jesus would be the sinless substitute.
- The divine attributes of Christ, including immutability, are essential to his person and sinlessness.
Explore the early Christian movements of Nestorianism and Eutychianism, and delve into the controversies and debates surrounding their beliefs and teachings.
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