18 Questions
What is the term used for renal pathology associated with sclerosis of renal arterioles and small arteries?
Nephrosclerosis
What contributes to the narrowing of vessels affected by nephrosclerosis?
Extravasation of plasma proteins
What does ischemia in nephrosclerosis lead to?
Glomerulosclerosis
What does the fine, leathery granularity on the cortical surface illustrate in benign nephrosclerosis?
Increased deposition of basement membrane matrix
What are the clinical hallmarks that distinguish tubulointerstitial disorders from glomerular diseases?
Impaired ability to concentrate urine
What characterizes acute pyelonephritis?
Associated with urinary tract infection
What is a dominant factor in causing chronic pyelonephritis?
Bacterial infection
How is tubulointerstitial nephritis distinguished from glomerular diseases?
Presence of defects in tubular function
Which type of kidney inflammation is characterized by the accumulation of foamy macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells?
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
What is a rare form of chronic pyelonephritis that is associated with Proteus infection and obstruction?
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
In which type of kidney inflammation may tubulitis be common, and interstitial non-necrotizing granulomas may be seen when tubules rupture?
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Which kidney condition may produce large and yellowish-orange nodules that can be grossly confused with renal cell carcinoma?
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of nephrotoxic acute tubular injury (ATI) according to the text?
Inadequate blood flow accompanied by shock
What can result in characteristic intratubular hemoglobin or myoglobin casts in cases of ischemic and nephrotoxic ATI?
Skeletal muscle injuries
What contributes to the reversibility of acute tubular injury (ATI) according to the text?
Patchiness of tubular necrosis
Which cells are particularly sensitive to ischemia and vulnerable to toxins in the context of acute tubular injury?
Proximal tubular epithelial cells
What structural alteration occurs as a result of ischemia in tubular epithelial cells?
Single cell drop-out and necrosis
What can be observed in the tubules in cases of acute tubular injury based on the description provided?
Low epithelial lining and cellular debris in the lumen
Test your knowledge on the histopathological features of chronic pyelonephritis and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with this quiz. Identify the characteristic findings in kidney tissue sections such as chronic interstitial inflammation, thyroidization of the kidney, dilated tubules with colloid cast material, and interstitial edema with mononuclear cell infiltration.
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