Podcast
Questions and Answers
A patient is considered to have sufficient kidney function to survive if they have at least how many nephrons?
A patient is considered to have sufficient kidney function to survive if they have at least how many nephrons?
- 1,000,000
- 100,000
- 20,000
- 40,000 (correct)
What is the normal Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) range in a healthy adult, measured in ml/min/1.73m²?
What is the normal Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) range in a healthy adult, measured in ml/min/1.73m²?
- 90-120 (correct)
- 70-90
- 30-50
- 50-70
Which of the following best describes the progression of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Which of the following best describes the progression of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
- Stable but impaired kidney function
- Sudden and irreversible loss of renal function
- Rapid and reversible decline in renal function over days to weeks
- Progressive and irreversible loss of renal function over months to years (correct)
In Chronic Kidney Disease, what process replaces the renal tissue in response to tissue damage?
In Chronic Kidney Disease, what process replaces the renal tissue in response to tissue damage?
Which demographic groups have a higher incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Which demographic groups have a higher incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
What is the term for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) with high renal indices but without clinical features?
What is the term for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) with high renal indices but without clinical features?
In which stage of Chronic Kidney Disease does a patient experience a moderate fall in GFR and start to exhibit symptoms?
In which stage of Chronic Kidney Disease does a patient experience a moderate fall in GFR and start to exhibit symptoms?
In the context of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), which of the following is considered a genetic cause?
In the context of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), which of the following is considered a genetic cause?
Which of the following conditions is least likely to be a common cause of End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) seen by general practitioners, physicians, cardiologists, and surgeons?
Which of the following conditions is least likely to be a common cause of End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) seen by general practitioners, physicians, cardiologists, and surgeons?
Which of the following is an independent and major risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
Which of the following is an independent and major risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
When investigating Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), what is a key goal after defining the degree and cause of renal impairment?
When investigating Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), what is a key goal after defining the degree and cause of renal impairment?
Which of the following blood urea levels falls within the normal range, measured in mg/dl?
Which of the following blood urea levels falls within the normal range, measured in mg/dl?
What is the normal range for serum creatinine, measured in μmol/l?
What is the normal range for serum creatinine, measured in μmol/l?
Which of the following methods is used to directly calculate glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Which of the following methods is used to directly calculate glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Creatinine concentration is determined by renal function and what other major factor?
Creatinine concentration is determined by renal function and what other major factor?
Which of the following statements is true regarding estimated GFR (eGFR)?
Which of the following statements is true regarding estimated GFR (eGFR)?
Which of the following is typically used in the initial imaging of kidneys to assess structural abnormalities in patients with CKD?
Which of the following is typically used in the initial imaging of kidneys to assess structural abnormalities in patients with CKD?
What diagnostic procedure should be considered if the kidneys are normal in size and the underlying cause of CKD is not apparent?
What diagnostic procedure should be considered if the kidneys are normal in size and the underlying cause of CKD is not apparent?
Which of the following is a common complication of chronic renal failure (CRF)?
Which of the following is a common complication of chronic renal failure (CRF)?
How does decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) contribute to the development of renal bone disease?
How does decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) contribute to the development of renal bone disease?
Which of the following factors is a potentially modifiable risk to prevent or delay the progression of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Which of the following factors is a potentially modifiable risk to prevent or delay the progression of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
When is Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) typically required for patients with declining renal function?
When is Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) typically required for patients with declining renal function?
Which of the following is a definitive indication for the initiation of dialysis in a patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Which of the following is a definitive indication for the initiation of dialysis in a patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Which of the following is a method of Renal Replacement Therapy?
Which of the following is a method of Renal Replacement Therapy?
What are the key requirements for Peritoneal Dialysis (Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis - CAPD)?
What are the key requirements for Peritoneal Dialysis (Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis - CAPD)?
What are the common sources of kidneys for renal transplantation?
What are the common sources of kidneys for renal transplantation?
Which of the following is generally considered an advantage of renal transplantation over dialysis for patients with end-stage renal disease?
Which of the following is generally considered an advantage of renal transplantation over dialysis for patients with end-stage renal disease?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of renal transplantation?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of renal transplantation?
During the assessment of the cause of CKD, which of the following imaging techniques is MOST suitable for detecting hydronephrosis?
During the assessment of the cause of CKD, which of the following imaging techniques is MOST suitable for detecting hydronephrosis?
Which of the following factors contributes to resistance to erythropoietin in patients with anemia due to chronic kidney disease?
Which of the following factors contributes to resistance to erythropoietin in patients with anemia due to chronic kidney disease?
Which stage of CKD is associated with kidney damage alongside either a normal or increased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
Which stage of CKD is associated with kidney damage alongside either a normal or increased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
Which of the following conditions would MOST likely necessitate the use of immunosuppression following renal transplant?
Which of the following conditions would MOST likely necessitate the use of immunosuppression following renal transplant?
Which Estimated GFR equation REQUIRES the use of the patient's weight?
Which Estimated GFR equation REQUIRES the use of the patient's weight?
Which of the following factors increases an individual's risk of developing Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Which of the following factors increases an individual's risk of developing Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
How does the body begin to compensate for decreased GFR in renal bone disease?
How does the body begin to compensate for decreased GFR in renal bone disease?
Which of these features are linked to Peritoneal Dialysis?
Which of these features are linked to Peritoneal Dialysis?
Which of these factors MUST be known in order to calculate the "Creatinine concentration?"
Which of these factors MUST be known in order to calculate the "Creatinine concentration?"
Which of the following choices is indicated by severe Hyperkalemia?
Which of the following choices is indicated by severe Hyperkalemia?
Flashcards
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
The progressive and irreversible loss of renal function over months to years.
Normal GFR and Nephron Count
Normal GFR and Nephron Count
Normal GFR is 90-120 ml/min/1.73m². The kidneys have a large reserve; 2% of nephrons can be enough to survive.
Renal Tissue Replacement
Renal Tissue Replacement
Replacement of renal tissue by extracellular matrix in response to tissue damage.
CKD manifestation
CKD manifestation
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Azotemia
Azotemia
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ESRD (End-Stage Renal Disease)
ESRD (End-Stage Renal Disease)
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CKD Stage 1
CKD Stage 1
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CKD Stage 2
CKD Stage 2
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CKD Stage 3
CKD Stage 3
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CKD Stage 4
CKD Stage 4
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CKD Stage 5
CKD Stage 5
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CKD Etiology
CKD Etiology
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Common Causes of ESRD
Common Causes of ESRD
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Investigate CKD
Investigate CKD
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Renal Function Tests
Renal Function Tests
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Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
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Ways to Calculate GFR
Ways to Calculate GFR
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Caveats on eGFR
Caveats on eGFR
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Assessment of Cause of CKD
Assessment of Cause of CKD
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Causes of Anemia in CKD
Causes of Anemia in CKD
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Renal Bone Disease
Renal Bone Disease
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Prevent or Delay CKD Progression
Prevent or Delay CKD Progression
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Dialysis Types
Dialysis Types
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Peritoneal Dialysis requirments
Peritoneal Dialysis requirments
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Kinds of Renal transplants
Kinds of Renal transplants
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Renal Replacement Therapy
Renal Replacement Therapy
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Indications for dialysis
Indications for dialysis
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Study Notes
- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is progressive and irreversible
- Editor: Ameer Ghazi
In Humans
- Normal Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is 90-120 ml/min/1.73m2.
- The kidneys contain 2 x 106 nephrons.
- Only 40,000 (2%) nephrons are sufficient to survive.
Definition of CKD
- It involves the progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function over months to years.
- Renal tissue is replaced by extracellular matrix in response to tissue damage.
- This process is referred to as "the dark side of wound repair."
Incidence of CKD
- CKD is a common disease.
- CKD more common in females, older people and those with diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HPT).
Disease Progression
- Progressive CKD leads to clinical manifestations known as "Uremic syndrome."
- CKD with high renal indices but no clinical features is called azotemia.
- End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) requires Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) for survival.
Classification of CKD Based on GFR
- Stage 1: GFR >90 indicates kidney damage with normal or increased GFR; requires additional evidence of kidney damage via U/A or USS.
- Stage 2: GFR 60-89 signifies kidney damage with mild GFR decline; requires additional evidence of kidney damage via U/A or USS.
- Stage 3: GFR 30-59 represents a moderate decline in GFR, accompanied by symptoms.
- Stage 4: GFR 15-29 suggests a severe decline in GFR, with more pronounced symptoms.
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