Chronic Cholecystitis

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What is the primary cause of gallstone formation in individuals with hemolytic anemia?

Stasis of bile

Excess cholesterol in the bile

Excess bilirubin in the bile (correct)

Excess calcium in the bile

What is the term for the appearance of the gallbladder wall in chronic cholecystitis?

Thickened and reticulated (correct)

Atrophied and fibrosed

Inflamed and edematous

Thin and translucent

What is the term for the cholesterol-laden macrophages found in the lamina propria of the gallbladder in chronic cholecystitis?

Squamous metaplasia

Cholesterolosis (correct)

Cholecystitis glandularis proliferans

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis

What is the term for the mucosal outpouchings found in the gallbladder in chronic cholecystitis?

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of chronic cholecystitis that can lead to obstructive jaundice?

Obstruction of the common bile duct Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a cholesterol stone?

Mammilated outer surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of ductal obstruction in chronic pancreatitis?

Secretions due to alcoholism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a tumour of the exocrine pancreas?

Ductal adenocarcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of chronic pancreatitis?

Pseudocyst Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying mechanism of oxidative stress in alcohol-induced pancreatitis?

Oxygen radical generation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a tumour of the endocrine pancreas?

Insulinoma Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of diabetes mellitus?

Gangrene of the limbs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of calcular acute cholecystitis in 90% of cases?

Obstruction of the cystic duct by gall stones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of inflammation in non-calcular acute cholecystitis?

Ischemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication of acute cholecystitis?

Chronic cholecystitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of gall stones in chronic cholecystitis?

No direct role in initiation of inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the gall bladder wall in acute cholecystitis?

Thickened and edematous Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between acute and chronic cholecystitis?

Duration of inflammation Signup and view all the answers