Chromosomes Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the centromere in chromosomes?

  • It is responsible for chromosome movement during anaphase. (correct)
  • It assists in the replication of DNA.
  • It encodes genetic information.
  • It protects the chromosome from degradation.

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

  • 22 pairs
  • 24 pairs
  • 25 pairs
  • 23 pairs (correct)

What is a chromatid?

  • The part of the chromosome that controls its size.
  • One half of a chromosome that is formed during cell division. (correct)
  • The membrane surrounding the chromosome.
  • The genetic material that is passed to offspring.

What composes chromatin?

<p>DNA and proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of telomeres in chromosomes?

<p>They protect chromosome ends from deterioration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are chromomeres?

<p>Bead-like structures along the chromonema. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the matrix (pellicle) surrounding each chromosome consist of?

<p>Non-genetic material in a jelly-like substance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of secondary constriction in chromosomes?

<p>It helps organize the nucleolus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a chromonema?

<p>A coiled structure along which chromomeres are arranged. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Chromosomes

  • Thread-like structures in the nucleus containing DNA.
  • Found in both plant and animal cells.
  • Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
  • Centromere or Kinetochore: The primary constriction point at the center of a chromosome.
    • It's where chromatids or spindle fibers attach.
    • Responsible for chromosome movement during anaphase.
  • Chromatids: Two identical halves of a chromosome formed during cell division.
    • Joined at the centromere.
    • Separate at anaphase.
    • Each contains DNA.
  • Chromatin: A complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes.
    • Includes DNA, RNA, and proteins.
  • Secondary Constriction: Usually present for the organization of the nucleolus.
  • Telomere: The end region of each chromosome arm.
  • Chromonema: Thread-like, coiled structure along which chromomeres are arranged.
    • Controls the size of the chromosome.
    • Site for genes.
  • Chromomeres: Bead-like structures arranged in a row along the chromonema.
    • Carry genes during cell division.
  • Matrix (Pellicle): Membrane surrounding each chromosome.
    • Contains a jelly-like substance (matrix).
    • Composed of non-genetic material.

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