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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the centromere in chromosomes?
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
What is a chromatid?
What composes chromatin?
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What is the role of telomeres in chromosomes?
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What are chromomeres?
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What does the matrix (pellicle) surrounding each chromosome consist of?
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What is the function of secondary constriction in chromosomes?
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What is a chromonema?
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Study Notes
Chromosomes
- Thread-like structures in the nucleus containing DNA.
- Found in both plant and animal cells.
- Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
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Centromere or Kinetochore: The primary constriction point at the center of a chromosome.
- It's where chromatids or spindle fibers attach.
- Responsible for chromosome movement during anaphase.
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Chromatids: Two identical halves of a chromosome formed during cell division.
- Joined at the centromere.
- Separate at anaphase.
- Each contains DNA.
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Chromatin: A complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes.
- Includes DNA, RNA, and proteins.
- Secondary Constriction: Usually present for the organization of the nucleolus.
- Telomere: The end region of each chromosome arm.
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Chromonema: Thread-like, coiled structure along which chromomeres are arranged.
- Controls the size of the chromosome.
- Site for genes.
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Chromomeres: Bead-like structures arranged in a row along the chromonema.
- Carry genes during cell division.
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Matrix (Pellicle): Membrane surrounding each chromosome.
- Contains a jelly-like substance (matrix).
- Composed of non-genetic material.
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Description
This quiz explores the structure and function of chromosomes, including their components such as centromeres, chromatids, and chromatin. Understand how these thread-like structures play a crucial role in cell division and genetic organization. Perfect for students studying cell biology.
