Chromosomes and Their Disorders Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the basic set of chromosomes in a haploid cell?

  • 22
  • 23 (correct)
  • 44
  • 46

What is the term for the loss or gain of one or more chromosome/s?

  • Mosaicism
  • Aneuploidy (correct)
  • Monosomy
  • Polyploidy

What is the condition characterized by the presence of one copy of a chromosome?

  • Polyploidy
  • Trisomy
  • Mosaicism
  • Monosomy (correct)

In Turner Syndrome, what is the typical karyotype?

<p>45,X (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many copies of a chromosome are present in Trisomy?

<p>Three (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for different cell lines (mixoploidy) due to mosaicism?

<p>Polyploidy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of chromosomal inversion involves the centromere?

<p>Pericentric inversion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of an inversion in carriers?

<p>It produces abnormal gametes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of translocation involves the fusion of acrocentric chromosomes near the centromere?

<p>Robertsonian translocation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a balanced and unbalanced Robertsonian translocation in terms of chromosomal number?

<p>Balanced has 46 chromosomes, unbalanced has 45 chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of Robertsonian translocation does the derivative chromosome contain the long arms of the two original chromosomes?

<p>(q10;q10) translocation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk for a female carrier of a 13q21q or a 14q21q Robertsonian translocation to have a baby with Down syndrome?

<p>10% to 15% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In case of a carrier of a 21q21q Robertsonian translocation, what is the likely outcome for pregnancies?

<p>All pregnancies will result in the birth of a child with Down syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you describe a chromosomal abnormality indicated as 46,XY,t(3;8)(p21;q23)?

<p>Male with a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 3 and chromosome 8 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you describe a chromosomal abnormality indicated as 46,XX,inv(9)(p11q12)?

<p>Female with a reciprocal translocation involving chromosome 9 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of Down Syndrome (trisomy 21) due to Translocation?

<p>Both non-disjunction and Translocation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recurrence risk for the next pregnancy due to non-disjunction in Down Syndrome?

<p>1% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of triploidy?

<p>Fertilization by two sperm cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could result in the occurrence of tetraploidy?

<p>The failure of the zygote to divide after replicating its chromosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is characterized by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21?

<p>Down Syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical consequence of monosomy for an entire chromosome?

<p>Lethality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common chromosomal mechanism leading to aneuploidy?

<p>Mitotic nondisjunction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does mosaicism result from post-zygotic non-disjunction?

<p>+1 chromosome with both sister chromatids going to one pole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a chromosome rearrangement involving loss of genetic material resulting in chromosomal imbalance?

<p>Deletion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Cri-du-chat syndrome?

<p>Cat-like cry (hypoplasia of larynx) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a chromosome rearrangement where a segment removed from one chromosome is inserted into a different chromosome?

<p>Insertion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes polyploidy?

<p>The number of chromosomes present in the normal somatic cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical karyotype seen in Turner Syndrome?

<p>45,X (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does aneuploidy refer to?

<p>Abnormalities in the number of chromosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is characterized by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21?

<p>Down Syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of chromosomal abnormality involves the fusion of acrocentric chromosomes near the centromere?

<p>Translocation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between paracentric and pericentric inversions?

<p>The involvement of the centromere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of an inversion in carriers?

<p>It leads to abnormal offspring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk for a female carrier of a 13q21q or a 14q21q Robertsonian translocation to have a baby with Down syndrome?

<p>10-15% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic set of chromosomes in a haploid cell?

<p>23 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of Robertsonian translocation does the derivative chromosome contain the long arms of the two original chromosomes?

<p>21q21q (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Cri-du-chat syndrome?

<p>Missing genetic material on chromosome 5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does mosaicism result from post-zygotic non-disjunction?

<p>After fertilization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recurrence risk for the next pregnancy due to non-disjunction in Down Syndrome?

<ul> <li>maternal and paternal age risks (C)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common chromosomal mechanism leading to aneuploidy?

<p>Non-disjunction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of translocation involves the fusion of acrocentric chromosomes near the centromere?

<p>Balanced robertsonian translocation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by the presence of one copy of a chromosome?

<p>Monosomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could result in the occurrence of tetraploidy?

<p>Non-disjunction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the presence of four sets of chromosomes?

<p>Tetraploidy (4n) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of triploidy?

<p>Fertilization by two sperms (dispermy) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is characterized by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 13?

<p>Patau Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a chromosomal rearrangement where one arm of a chromosome is missing and the other is duplicated in a mirror image fashion?

<p>Isochromosome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome?

<p>Cat-like cry (hypoplasia of larynx) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common chromosomal mechanism leading to aneuploidy?

<p>Meiotic nondisjunction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a chromosomal abnormality indicated as 46,XX,del(5)(p15)?

<p>Cri-du-chat syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a chromosome rearrangement involving loss of genetic material resulting in chromosomal imbalance?

<p>Deletion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Mosaicism" may result from which of the following?

<p>&quot;Post-zygotic non-disjunction&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Ring chromosome" is mitotically stable if which structure is within the ring?

<p>&quot;Centromere&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Balanced Unbalanced" chromosomal rearrangements are likely to have what effect on phenotype?

<p>They pose a threat to the offspring. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a chromosome rearrangement where a segment removed from one chromosome is inserted into a different chromosome?

<p>Insertion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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