Chromosomes and Heredity Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of chromosomes in heredity?

  • They act as structural components of the cell.
  • They produce energy for cellular activities.
  • They link generations through the transmission of genetic material. (correct)
  • They store nutrients needed for cell growth.

    • Which type of chromosome has its centromere located at the center?

  • Acrocentric
  • Metacentric (correct)
  • Telocentric
  • Submetacentric

    • Which chromosome type has unequal arm lengths due to the position of its centromere?

  • Submetacentric (correct)
  • Metacentric
  • Telocentric
  • Acrocentric

    • What shape do metacentric chromosomes assume during anaphase?

    <p>V-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chromosomes do humans lack?

    <p>Telocentric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chromosome types are classified as acrocentric in humans?

    <p>13, 15, 21, and 22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what process are chromosomes instrumental in directing protein synthesis?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the genetic material within chromosomes primarily consist of?

    <p>DNA or RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a karyotype represent?

    <p>The phenotypic appearance of chromosomes in a species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of an asymmetric karyotype?

    <p>A large variation between chromosome sizes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an idiogram?

    <p>A diagrammatic representation of karyotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding symmetric karyotype?

    <p>It consists of numerous metacentric chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of chromosomes is considered in the study of karyotype?

    <p>Chromosome number, size, and position of centromeres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which karyotype type is believed to represent a primitive state?

    <p>Symmetric karyotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are chromosomes organized in an idiogram?

    <p>In descending order of size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the genetic identity of a karyotype?

    <p>The structural features of chromosomes unique to a species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do non-genetic RNAs play in cellular organisms?

    <p>They perform different genetically controlled cellular functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids are predominantly found in histones?

    <p>Lysine and Arginine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what ratio are the five types of histones generally present in eukaryotic chromosomes?

    <p>1H1:2H2a:2H2b:2H3:2H4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of histones in relation to DNA?

    <p>To bind tightly to each other and stabilize chromatin structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are non-histone proteins different from histones?

    <p>They perform distinct metabolic functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of chromatin in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>DNA complexed with histones and non-histones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique characteristic of the histones found in sperm cells of certain eukaryotes?

    <p>They are replaced by protamines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protein is NOT present in lower proportions compared to histones?

    <p>Histones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of C-banding in chromosome analysis?

    <p>To emphasize the centromeric region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which staining method produces a pattern that is the opposite of G-banding?

    <p>R-banding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the T-banding technique differ from C-banding?

    <p>T-banding focuses on telomeres and not the centromeres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a normal human karyotype indicate?

    <p>46 chromosomes with no abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is NOT typically observed when comparing karyotypes?

    <p>Differences in RNA content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are white blood cells commonly used for karyotyping?

    <p>They are easily induced to divide and can grow in culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may lead to developmental abnormalities in humans?

    <p>Changes in basic chromosome number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can lead to differences in the relative size of chromosomes?

    <p>Segmental interchange of unequal lengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a bisexual flower?

    <p>It has both androecium and gynoecium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about unisexual flowers is true?

    <p>They can be either male or female but not both.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is autogamy in the context of bisexual flowers?

    <p>Pollination within the same flower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves pollination between different flowers on the same plant?

    <p>Geitonogamy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of heterochromatin in the cell?

    <p>Maintains structural integrity of the genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes bisexual flowers from unisexual flowers?

    <p>Bisexual flowers contain both reproductive organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pollination occurs before the flower opens?

    <p>Cleistogamy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chromatin is found towards the periphery of the nucleus?

    <p>Constitutive heterochromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which flower type can produce genetically identical offspring through self-pollination?

    <p>Bisexual flowers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about euchromatin compared to heterochromatin?

    <p>Euchromatin allows transcription and genetic variation to occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about monoecious plants?

    <p>They possess both male and female flowers on the same plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in the replication timing between euchromatin and heterochromatin?

    <p>Heterochromatin replicates later than euchromatin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the forms of heterochromatin?

    <p>Exists as facultative and constitutive forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle do the matrix and pellicle appear?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the genetic processes that affect euchromatin?

    <p>They allow for varied allelic expression within the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chromatin does not exhibit heteropycnosis?

    <p>Euchromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    PBG 212 Classical and Molecular Cytogenetics

    • Definition: Brief history of genetics and cytogenetics
    • Cell Division: Mitosis and meiosis - significance
    • Chromosome Structure: Chromatid, chromomeres, centromere, telomere, secondary constriction, nucleolar organiser region, satellite
    • Chromatin: Chemical composition, Chromosome landmarks - Euchromatin and heterochromatin, centromere, bands, chromosome ends, knobs
    • Chromosome Types: Classified based on centromere position, number of centromeres, shape at anaphase, structure, appearance, essentiality, and role in sex determination
    • Special Chromosomes: Polytene and lampbrush chromosomes, other types - B, ring, and isochromosomes
    • Chromosome Staining: Q banding, G banding, R banding, and C banding
    • FISH: Steps in FISH, applications, and limitations
    • Mid-semester Examination

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the role of chromosomes in heredity and genetic material. This quiz covers various types of chromosomes, their functions, and classifications, helping you understand their significance in genetics and karyotyping.

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