Chromosomes and Cell Division

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Questions and Answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes describe mejor la función de las histonas en relación con el ADN?

  • Ayudan a empaquetar y organizar el ADN en una estructura estable (correct)
  • Aflojan la estructura del ADN para permitir la transcripción
  • Actúan como plantillas directas para la replicación del ADN
  • Catalizan la ruptura de enlaces fosfodiéster en la cadena de ADN

Todos los cromosomas de un organismo son autosomas.

False (B)

¿Cuántos cromosomas totales hay en una célula humana normal?

46

Las células sexuales, también conocidas como __________, contienen un único conjunto de cromosomas.

<p>haploides</p> Signup and view all the answers

Une las fases de la interfase con sus principales eventos:

<p>Fase G1 = Crecimiento y preparación para la replicación del ADN Fase S = Replicación del ADN Fase G2 = Preparación para la mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de los siguientes pares de cromosomas sexuales representa a un macho en los humanos?

<p>XY (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

La mitosis es un proceso en el que las células se reproducen.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es el nombre de la estructura que une las cromátidas hermanas en un cromosoma?

<p>centrómero</p> Signup and view all the answers

Las células que contienen dos conjuntos de cromosomas se denominan células __________.

<p>diploides</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes opciones describe mejor la secuencia de eventos en el ciclo celular?

<p>Interfase → Mitosis → Citocinesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chromosomes

Rod shaped structures made of DNA and protein.

Histones

Proteins called histones help DNA wrap, maintaining a sturdy structure.

Centromere

The constricted region of a chromosome that separates it into two arms.

Chromatid

Each of the two thread-like strands into which a chromosome divides during cell division.

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Diploid

Cells with two sets of chromosomes; body cells.

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Haploid

Cells with one set of chromosomes; sex cells.

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Cell Cycle

The repeating series of growth, DNA replication, and division.

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Mitosis

Cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells.

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Interphase Stages

G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase.

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Human Chromosome Number

Humans have 46 chromosomes.

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Study Notes

  • Chromosomes are rod-shaped structures composed of DNA and protein
  • DNA wraps around proteins called histones to maintain a sturdy structure

Parts of Chromosomes

  • Centromere
  • Chromatid
  • Every species has a specific number of chromosomes
  • Reproduction can only occur within a species that has the same number of chromosomes
  • Humans possess 46 chromosomes
  • Sex chromosomes determine the sex of an organism and are found in the 23rd pair in humans
  • All non-sex chromosomes in an organism are autosomes; humans have 22 pairs
  • XX chromosomes indicate a girl
  • XY chromosomes indicate a boy
  • Cells with two sets of chromosomes are diploids, also known as body cells
  • Haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes and are sex cells
  • Cell division is how cells reproduce themselves
  • The cell cycle repeats
  • The cell cycle consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
  • Mitosis is cell division
  • Interphase has 3 steps: G1 phase (growth), G2 phase (DNA replication), and S phase (preparation for mitosis)

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