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Questions and Answers
What are homologous chromosomes?
What are homologous chromosomes?
- Chromosomes that are identical to each other.
- Chromosomes that exist only in haploid cells.
- Chromosomes that are paired and carry the same genes but may have different alleles. (correct)
- Chromosomes that can be crossed over naturally.
DNA is single-stranded while RNA is double-stranded.
DNA is single-stranded while RNA is double-stranded.
False (B)
During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes condense?
During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes condense?
Prophase
The basic building blocks of nucleic acids are called __________.
The basic building blocks of nucleic acids are called __________.
Match the stages of mitosis with their functions:
Match the stages of mitosis with their functions:
Flashcards
Chromosome
Chromosome
A thread of DNA found within the nucleus of a cell, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Homologous chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes
A pair of chromosomes that carry the same genes but may have different versions (alleles) of those genes. They are found in pairs in most cells of our body.
Mitosis
Mitosis
The process of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells. It involves the duplication of chromosomes and their separation into two new nuclei.
Centromere
Centromere
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Sister chromatid
Sister chromatid
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Study Notes
Chromosomes and Cell Division
- Chromosome: A thread of DNA containing genes within a cell's nucleus.
- Homologous Chromosomes: Paired chromosomes carrying the same genes but potentially different alleles (gene versions). Most body cells have homologous chromosomes.
- Gene: A specific length of DNA that is a unit of heredity.
- Nucleotide: The basic building block of nucleic acids; composed of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
- Nucleotide Bonds: Bonds connecting the sugar, phosphate, and bases in a nucleotide.
- Nitrogenous Bases (DNA): Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G).
- Nitrogenous Bases (RNA): Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G).
RNA vs. DNA
- Sugar: DNA contains deoxyribose sugar; RNA contains ribose sugar.
- Strandedness: DNA is double-stranded; RNA is single-stranded.
Mitosis
- Mitosis: Cell division producing two genetically identical daughter cells.
- Chromosome Condensation: Occurs during prophase of mitosis.
- Sister Chromatids: Two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome, held together at the centromere.
- Centromere: Region where sister chromatids are joined.
- Interphase Stages:
- G1 Phase: Cell growth and normal functions.
- S Phase: DNA replication occurs.
- G2 Phase: Cell continues to grow and prepare for mitosis.
- Mitosis Stages (Order):
- Prophase: Chromosomes condense, spindle fibers form, nuclear envelope breaks down.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's equator.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
- Telophase: Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelope reforms, cleavage furrow forms, cytoplasm divides.
- Daughter Cells (Mitosis): Diploid cells.
- Cell Divisions (Mitosis): One cell division.
- Crossing Over (Mitosis): Does not occur in mitosis.
Key Terms and Concepts in Cell Division
- Diploid: A cell containing two sets of chromosomes.
- Haploid: A cell containing one set of chromosomes.
- Cleavage Furrow: Indentation/furrow that forms to divide the cytoplasm during cytokinesis (part of telophase).
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Description
Explore the concepts of chromosomes, genes, and cell division in this quiz. Test your understanding of DNA and RNA structures, as well as the process of mitosis. This quiz is ideal for students looking to review key genetics topics.
