Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are homologous chromosomes?
What are homologous chromosomes?
DNA is single-stranded while RNA is double-stranded.
DNA is single-stranded while RNA is double-stranded.
False
During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes condense?
During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes condense?
Prophase
The basic building blocks of nucleic acids are called __________.
The basic building blocks of nucleic acids are called __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the stages of mitosis with their functions:
Match the stages of mitosis with their functions:
Signup and view all the answers
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Chromosomes and Cell Division
- Chromosome: A thread of DNA containing genes within a cell's nucleus.
- Homologous Chromosomes: Paired chromosomes carrying the same genes but potentially different alleles (gene versions). Most body cells have homologous chromosomes.
- Gene: A specific length of DNA that is a unit of heredity.
- Nucleotide: The basic building block of nucleic acids; composed of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
- Nucleotide Bonds: Bonds connecting the sugar, phosphate, and bases in a nucleotide.
- Nitrogenous Bases (DNA): Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G).
- Nitrogenous Bases (RNA): Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G).
RNA vs. DNA
- Sugar: DNA contains deoxyribose sugar; RNA contains ribose sugar.
- Strandedness: DNA is double-stranded; RNA is single-stranded.
Mitosis
- Mitosis: Cell division producing two genetically identical daughter cells.
- Chromosome Condensation: Occurs during prophase of mitosis.
- Sister Chromatids: Two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome, held together at the centromere.
- Centromere: Region where sister chromatids are joined.
- Interphase Stages:
- G1 Phase: Cell growth and normal functions.
- S Phase: DNA replication occurs.
- G2 Phase: Cell continues to grow and prepare for mitosis.
- Mitosis Stages (Order):
- Prophase: Chromosomes condense, spindle fibers form, nuclear envelope breaks down.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's equator.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
- Telophase: Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelope reforms, cleavage furrow forms, cytoplasm divides.
- Daughter Cells (Mitosis): Diploid cells.
- Cell Divisions (Mitosis): One cell division.
- Crossing Over (Mitosis): Does not occur in mitosis.
Key Terms and Concepts in Cell Division
- Diploid: A cell containing two sets of chromosomes.
- Haploid: A cell containing one set of chromosomes.
- Cleavage Furrow: Indentation/furrow that forms to divide the cytoplasm during cytokinesis (part of telophase).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the concepts of chromosomes, genes, and cell division in this quiz. Test your understanding of DNA and RNA structures, as well as the process of mitosis. This quiz is ideal for students looking to review key genetics topics.
