Chromosome Structure and Telomeres

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Questions and Answers

What does the telomere region of a chromosome contain?

  • Adenine-thymine rich base pairs
  • A single-stranded DNA molecule
  • 5'-TTAGGG-3' sequence (correct)
  • 5'-GGATCC-3' sequence

The centromere region of a chromosome is responsible for what function?

  • Extension of the chromosome
  • Replication of the chromosome
  • Protection of the chromosome ends
  • Segregation of the replicated chromosome during mitosis and meiosis (correct)

What is the physical structure of a chromosome composed of?

  • Single-stranded DNA molecules
  • Single-stranded RNA molecules
  • Double-stranded RNA molecules
  • Double-stranded DNA molecules (correct)

What are the two arms of a chromosome?

<p>A long arm (q) and a short arm (p) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the replication of a chromosome?

<p>Identification of the ori-site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Okazaki fragment part of?

<p>The lagging strand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon results in the shortening of the lagging strand during chromosome replication?

<p>The inability of enzymes to fully replicate the end of a chromosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs after the DNA is unwound during chromosome replication?

<p>The replication fork is formed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is needed for the synthesis of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?

<p>RNA primers attaching ahead on the lagging strand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the state of cellular senescence result in?

<p>Irreversible growth arrest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can trigger cellular senescence?

<p>Telomeric shortening (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Hayflick limit refer to?

<p>The maximum replicative capacity of cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when cells reach the Hayflick limit?

<p>Cells can no longer divide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contact inhibition in the context of cellular density?

<p>Cells become more sensitive to inhibition by neighboring cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to cellular senescence during DNA replication?

<p>Telomeric shortening (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause aging and senescence apart from telomeric shortening?

<p>Oxygen free radical damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is not mentioned as a contributor to cellular senescence?

<p>Cell growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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