Chromosome Structure and Telomeres
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Questions and Answers

What does the telomere region of a chromosome contain?

  • Adenine-thymine rich base pairs
  • A single-stranded DNA molecule
  • 5'-TTAGGG-3' sequence (correct)
  • 5'-GGATCC-3' sequence

    • The centromere region of a chromosome is responsible for what function?

  • Extension of the chromosome
  • Replication of the chromosome
  • Protection of the chromosome ends
  • Segregation of the replicated chromosome during mitosis and meiosis (correct)

    • What is the physical structure of a chromosome composed of?

  • Single-stranded DNA molecules
  • Single-stranded RNA molecules
  • Double-stranded RNA molecules
  • Double-stranded DNA molecules (correct)

    • What are the two arms of a chromosome?

    <p>A long arm (q) and a short arm (p)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the replication of a chromosome?

    <p>Identification of the ori-site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Okazaki fragment part of?

    <p>The lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon results in the shortening of the lagging strand during chromosome replication?

    <p>The inability of enzymes to fully replicate the end of a chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs after the DNA is unwound during chromosome replication?

    <p>The replication fork is formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is needed for the synthesis of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?

    <p>RNA primers attaching ahead on the lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the state of cellular senescence result in?

    <p>Irreversible growth arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can trigger cellular senescence?

    <p>Telomeric shortening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Hayflick limit refer to?

    <p>The maximum replicative capacity of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when cells reach the Hayflick limit?

    <p>Cells can no longer divide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contact inhibition in the context of cellular density?

    <p>Cells become more sensitive to inhibition by neighboring cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to cellular senescence during DNA replication?

    <p>Telomeric shortening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause aging and senescence apart from telomeric shortening?

    <p>Oxygen free radical damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is not mentioned as a contributor to cellular senescence?

    <p>Cell growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

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