l2 saq Chromosome Quiz

Homologous recombination occurs during Meiosis I when homologous chromosomes align and exchange genetic material. This exchange, known as crossing over, occurs between the inner chromatids of the homologous chromosomes, resulting in genetic diversity.

Yes, sex chromosomes do undergo crossing over during Meiosis. However, crossing over occurs at a small section at the tip of the short arm of the sex chromosomes, known as the pseudo-autosomal region.

The purpose of sex in biology is to generate genetic diversity. This is achieved through the process of gametogenesis, which creates multiple possible chromosome combinations through homologous recombination.

The different types of numerical chromosome abnormalities are euploidy, aneuploidy, polyploidy, triploidy, trisomy, and monosomy.

Ploidy refers to the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell. It determines the number of possible alleles for autosomal/pseudoautosomal genes. Ploidy can be defined in terms of different types of genetic content (n) or chromosome number/amount of DNA (c). The number of chromosomes changes during DNA replication and cell division.

Fertilization is the fusion of two haploid gametes, one from the male parent and one from the female parent. During fertilization, the oocyte from the mother and the sperm from the father combine to form a zygote. The zygote has a diploid number of chromosomes (n=2) and develops into a normal baby with 46 chromosomes (XX for female or XY for male).

Meiosis is the process of cell division that leads to the formation of gametes (sperm or eggs). In the case of Baby Hofstadter, meiosis occurs in the oogonia cell. The steps include interphase, round of DNA replication, and round of cell division. During meiosis I, the oogonia cell divides into two cells, each with two homologous chromosomes. This results in the formation of haploid gametes for fertilization.

To visualize the location of specific nucleotide sequences.

To determine if a specific nucleotide sequence is present and if so, on which chromosome it is located.

To detect small chromosome rearrangements by using 'painting probes' to paint whole chromosomes.

Balanced and unbalanced.

Balanced abnormalities have no gain or loss of genetic content, while unbalanced abnormalities involve a gain or loss of genetic content and are clinically relevant.

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).

Structural chromosome abnormalities are heritable only if they are present in the germ line.

A deletion is when a part of a chromosome is deleted.

Large deletions can have severe effects and are often lethal.

Cri-du-chat syndrome, which is caused by a deletion of part of chromosome 5 (del(5p)).

Euchromatin and Heterochromatin

Deletions, duplications, inversions, translocations

They are named using cytogenetics and FISH and can be identified through microscopic examination and routine diagnostics

It can only detect gross chromosomal changes larger than 5 Mb

It is a system used to describe and identify chromosomes and their regions

Chromosome regions are counted out from the centromere and subdivided into bands

A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes and it is described using the ISCN system, such as 46,XX for a female and 46,XY for a male

T lymphocytes, skin fibroblasts, bone marrow, chorionic villi, or amniotic fluid

Chemical preparation involves using specific chemicals to stop cell division and break down the cell nuclei

Giemsa staining is commonly used to stain chromosomes for observation