18 Questions
What is the main idea behind the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance?
Genes are carried on chromosomes.
Which observation supported the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance?
Homologous chromosome pairs migrate independently of other pairs during meiosis.
What happens to the chromosomal complement in gametes?
Each parent synthesizes gametes containing half of their chromosomal complement.
What occurs during fertilization?
Gametic chromosomes combine to produce offspring with the same chromosome number as their parents.
Which scientist is credited with observing the separation of chromosomes into daughter cells during meiosis in grasshoppers?
Walter Sutton
What is responsible for Mendelian inheritance according to the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance?
Chromosomes
What is the term for cells carrying two matching sets of chromosomes?
Diploid
During which process do chromosomes of each pair segregate from each other?
Meiosis
What is the shorthand symbol for the number of chromosomes in a normal haploid cell?
n
Which organism did Theodor Boveri observe for proper embryonic development in 1902?
Sea Urchins
What ensures that all somatic cells of an individual have identical diploid chromosome sets?
Mitosis
What term describes gametes and other cells carrying only a single set of chromosomes?
Haploid
What is the role of homologous chromosomes in inheritance?
They carry the same types of genes
Which cellular structures are specialized for the storage and transmission of genetic material?
Chromosomes
What is the purpose of chorionic villus sampling?
To collect fetal cells for karyotyping
During cell division and gamete formation, what travels with the chromosomes?
Genes
What happens in amniocentesis?
Fetal cells are collected for karyotyping from the amniotic fluid
Why are somatic cells mentioned in the context of chromosome theory?
To illustrate their precise number of homologous chromosome pairs
Study Notes
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
- The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance explains that chromosomes carry genetic information and are responsible for Mendelian inheritance.
Chromosomal Complement in Gametes
- In gametes, the chromosomal complement is haploid, meaning it has a single set of chromosomes.
Fertilization
- During fertilization, the gametes fuse, resulting in a diploid zygote with two sets of chromosomes.
Theodor Boveri
- Theodor Boveri is credited with observing the separation of chromosomes into daughter cells during meiosis in grasshoppers.
Chromosomes and Inheritance
- According to the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, chromosomes are responsible for Mendelian inheritance.
Diploid and Haploid Cells
- Cells carrying two matching sets of chromosomes are called diploid cells.
- The shorthand symbol for the number of chromosomes in a normal haploid cell is n.
- Gametes and other cells carrying only a single set of chromosomes are called haploid cells.
Cellular Structures and Genetic Material
- Chromosomes are specialized for the storage and transmission of genetic material.
Chromosomal Segregation
- During meiosis, chromosomes of each pair segregate from each other.
Homologous Chromosomes
- Homologous chromosomes play a crucial role in inheritance, carrying similar genetic information.
Chorionic Villus Sampling and Amniocentesis
- Chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis are medical procedures that involve extracting cells from the placenta or amniotic fluid to examine chromosomes for genetic abnormalities.
Cell Division and Gamete Formation
- During cell division and gamete formation, genetic material travels with the chromosomes.
Somatic Cells
- Somatic cells are mentioned in the context of chromosome theory because they have identical diploid chromosome sets, ensuring genetic consistency throughout an individual's body.
Test your knowledge on the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, credited to Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri. Learn about how chromosomes were identified as the genetic material responsible for Mendelian inheritance through their observations during meiosis in grasshoppers.
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