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Questions and Answers
What is the consensus sequence for the -10 element of the promoter in prokaryotic DNA?
What is the consensus sequence for the -10 element of the promoter in prokaryotic DNA?
What is the function of an operator in gene expression regulation?
What is the function of an operator in gene expression regulation?
What is the definition of polycistronic mRNA?
What is the definition of polycistronic mRNA?
What is the function of an operon?
What is the function of an operon?
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What is the role of a coactivator in transcriptional regulation?
What is the role of a coactivator in transcriptional regulation?
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What is the primary function of the -35 element in the promoter of prokaryotic DNA?
What is the primary function of the -35 element in the promoter of prokaryotic DNA?
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What does a corepressor do in gene expression regulation?
What does a corepressor do in gene expression regulation?
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What is the function of an insulator in gene expression regulation?
What is the function of an insulator in gene expression regulation?
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What is the characteristic of prokaryotic genes in terms of expression?
What is the characteristic of prokaryotic genes in terms of expression?
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What is the role of an effector in transcriptional regulation?
What is the role of an effector in transcriptional regulation?
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What is the function of a core promoter in gene expression?
What is the function of a core promoter in gene expression?
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What is the definition of a regulon?
What is the definition of a regulon?
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Which type of regulation involves repressor proteins inhibiting transcription by binding to the promoter?
Which type of regulation involves repressor proteins inhibiting transcription by binding to the promoter?
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What is the function of insulators in gene expression regulation?
What is the function of insulators in gene expression regulation?
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What is the role of effectors in gene expression regulation?
What is the role of effectors in gene expression regulation?
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What is the function of a regulon in molecular biology?
What is the function of a regulon in molecular biology?
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What is the primary role of the bacterial Lac repressor?
What is the primary role of the bacterial Lac repressor?
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What can inactivate a repressor, enabling transcription?
What can inactivate a repressor, enabling transcription?
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What facilitates the coordinated transcription of several genes in the SOS system in response to DNA damage?
What facilitates the coordinated transcription of several genes in the SOS system in response to DNA damage?
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What induces autocleavage of the LexA repressor in the SOS system?
What induces autocleavage of the LexA repressor in the SOS system?
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What is the role of RecA protein in the SOS system?
What is the role of RecA protein in the SOS system?
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What is the function of DNA looping in gene expression regulation?
What is the function of DNA looping in gene expression regulation?
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What is the function of global regulation of gene expression?
What is the function of global regulation of gene expression?
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What is the role of insulators in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
What is the role of insulators in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
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Study Notes
Regulation of Gene Expression in Molecular Biology
- Regulon refers to a group of genes or operons that are coordinately regulated, whether spatially distant or not.
- Transcriptional regulation can be negative, where repressor proteins inhibit transcription by binding to the promoter, or positive, where activator proteins recruit RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.
- DNA looping, facilitated by transcription activators and architectural regulators, can bring distant regulatory sites together to enable transcription.
- The bacterial Lac repressor, made of four subunits, binds distant DNA sites to form a DNA loop.
- Insulators, present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, block unintended effects of DNA looping and control gene expression.
- Effectors, small molecules, can bind activators or repressors, causing conformational changes that increase or decrease transcription.
- Effectors can inactivate a repressor, enabling transcription, or activate a repressor, shutting down transcription.
- Effectors can also inactivate or enable activators to stimulate transcription.
- Global regulation of gene expression involves coordinated expression of several genes in response to stress, occurring in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- Coordinated transcription of several genes in the SOS system involves the RecA protein and LexA repressor protein in response to DNA damage.
- In the SOS system, DNA damage induces autocleavage of LexA repressor, facilitated by RecA protein, leading to the induction of the SOS response.
- DNA damage creates sites of single-stranded DNA, which are bound by RecA protein, and their association facilitates the destruction of LexA and induction of the SOS response.
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