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Questions and Answers
According to the minister, they have the power to intervene if a congregant commits adultery.
According to the minister, they have the power to intervene if a congregant commits adultery.
True
The minister believes they have authority to dictate what colors of suits congregants can wear.
The minister believes they have authority to dictate what colors of suits congregants can wear.
False
Luther's actions have no implications for the understanding of authority in the church.
Luther's actions have no implications for the understanding of authority in the church.
False
The concept of a cult is primarily related to doctrinal issues.
The concept of a cult is primarily related to doctrinal issues.
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The minister believes that the church should intervene in secular government.
The minister believes that the church should intervene in secular government.
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The minister has authority to intervene in a congregant's dietary choices.
The minister has authority to intervene in a congregant's dietary choices.
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A cult can only develop in a heterodox or heretical sect.
A cult can only develop in a heterodox or heretical sect.
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The minister's authority is magisterial in nature.
The minister's authority is magisterial in nature.
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According to Luther, the Pope has supreme authority over scripture.
According to Luther, the Pope has supreme authority over scripture.
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Luther advocated for the church hierarchy to be the sole expounder of scripture.
Luther advocated for the church hierarchy to be the sole expounder of scripture.
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Luther believed in the absolute clarity of scripture.
Luther believed in the absolute clarity of scripture.
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Luther saw the Pope as having no authority beyond that given by the Word of God.
Luther saw the Pope as having no authority beyond that given by the Word of God.
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Luther was a proponent of large government in the church.
Luther was a proponent of large government in the church.
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Luther believed that the church hierarchy should be the sole authority in interpreting scripture.
Luther believed that the church hierarchy should be the sole authority in interpreting scripture.
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Luther saw the church and the state as separate entities.
Luther saw the church and the state as separate entities.
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Luther believed that scripture should be interpreted solely by the church hierarchy.
Luther believed that scripture should be interpreted solely by the church hierarchy.
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According to Luther, church authority lies with the Council of Constance.
According to Luther, church authority lies with the Council of Constance.
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In the OPC, excommunication is carried out with infallible authority.
In the OPC, excommunication is carried out with infallible authority.
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The Reformation led to a strengthening of papal authority in the Church.
The Reformation led to a strengthening of papal authority in the Church.
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Luther believed that scripture interpretation should be reserved for clergy.
Luther believed that scripture interpretation should be reserved for clergy.
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The Leipzig Disputation was a debate that reaffirmed the authority of conciliarism.
The Leipzig Disputation was a debate that reaffirmed the authority of conciliarism.
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In Luther's view, the Church's authority lies with a magisterial hierarchy.
In Luther's view, the Church's authority lies with a magisterial hierarchy.
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The Council of Constance was a major influence on Luther's theology.
The Council of Constance was a major influence on Luther's theology.
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The Reformation was a movement that sought to strengthen Church hierarchy.
The Reformation was a movement that sought to strengthen Church hierarchy.
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For Luther, the authority of scripture lies with the institutional church hierarchy.
For Luther, the authority of scripture lies with the institutional church hierarchy.
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Luther's views on scripture interpretation remained unchanged throughout his life.
Luther's views on scripture interpretation remained unchanged throughout his life.
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The power of the keys lies with the magisterium according to Luther.
The power of the keys lies with the magisterium according to Luther.
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Luther's writings in 1520 emphasize the importance of a properly trained, competent leadership in the church.
Luther's writings in 1520 emphasize the importance of a properly trained, competent leadership in the church.
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Luther's views on church governance were influenced by his concerns about chaos and disorder.
Luther's views on church governance were influenced by his concerns about chaos and disorder.
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The Catholic Church's use of secular powers was seen as a positive development by Luther.
The Catholic Church's use of secular powers was seen as a positive development by Luther.
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Luther believed that the Bible should be reserved for the clergy and not made available to the general population.
Luther believed that the Bible should be reserved for the clergy and not made available to the general population.
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Luther's views on scripture interpretation were influenced by the rise of Zwingli.
Luther's views on scripture interpretation were influenced by the rise of Zwingli.
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Luther believed that the church should live off the tax money it draws.
Luther believed that the church should live off the tax money it draws.
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The minister would be happy to become the first Protestant cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church.
The minister would be happy to become the first Protestant cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church.
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Luther proposed that the church hierarchy should be the sole authority in interpreting scripture.
Luther proposed that the church hierarchy should be the sole authority in interpreting scripture.
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The Pope's authority is limited by the Word of God, according to Luther.
The Pope's authority is limited by the Word of God, according to Luther.
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Luther advocated for the church to intervene in secular government.
Luther advocated for the church to intervene in secular government.
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The church hierarchy should be the sole expounder of scripture, according to Luther.
The church hierarchy should be the sole expounder of scripture, according to Luther.
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Luther proposed 27 suggestions to the secular magistrate to address the issues in the church.
Luther proposed 27 suggestions to the secular magistrate to address the issues in the church.
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Luther believed that the church should maintain its current ostentatious lifestyle and administrative structure.
Luther believed that the church should maintain its current ostentatious lifestyle and administrative structure.
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One of the proposals made by Luther was to scrap indulgences.
One of the proposals made by Luther was to scrap indulgences.
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The Reformation led to a significant decrease in the power of the nobility.
The Reformation led to a significant decrease in the power of the nobility.
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Luther believed that the secular magistrate should have no control over the banks.
Luther believed that the secular magistrate should have no control over the banks.
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The Holy Roman Emperor should be allowed to rule without interference from the church, according to Luther.
The Holy Roman Emperor should be allowed to rule without interference from the church, according to Luther.
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Mendicancy, or begging, was a practice that Luther supported.
Mendicancy, or begging, was a practice that Luther supported.
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Luther's proposals were primarily focused on spiritual issues.
Luther's proposals were primarily focused on spiritual issues.
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The Reformation was a movement that sought to strengthen the church hierarchy.
The Reformation was a movement that sought to strengthen the church hierarchy.
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Luther proposed that the civil magistrate should take control of the appointment of pastors.
Luther proposed that the civil magistrate should take control of the appointment of pastors.
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Luther's appeal to the German nobility was a significant factor in the Reformation.
Luther's appeal to the German nobility was a significant factor in the Reformation.
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The Reformation led to a decline in the power of the German nobility.
The Reformation led to a decline in the power of the German nobility.
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Luther's writings in 1520 emphasize the importance of financial reform.
Luther's writings in 1520 emphasize the importance of financial reform.
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Luther believed that the church should be completely separate from the state.
Luther believed that the church should be completely separate from the state.
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Luther's reforms were primarily focused on the sacramental system.
Luther's reforms were primarily focused on the sacramental system.
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The death of Emperor Maximilian in 1519 led to increased imperial action against Luther.
The death of Emperor Maximilian in 1519 led to increased imperial action against Luther.
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The electoral college elected Frederick the Wise as the new emperor in 1519.
The electoral college elected Frederick the Wise as the new emperor in 1519.
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The failure of the church to reform itself led to the church-state crisis.
The failure of the church to reform itself led to the church-state crisis.
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Luther believed that the church should be subject to the authority of the state.
Luther believed that the church should be subject to the authority of the state.
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John Eck went to Rome to report on Luther's errors after the Diet of Augsburg.
John Eck went to Rome to report on Luther's errors after the Diet of Augsburg.
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The church was able to act against Luther on its own without the empire's support.
The church was able to act against Luther on its own without the empire's support.
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Frederick the Wise was a key supporter of Luther's reforms.
Frederick the Wise was a key supporter of Luther's reforms.
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The new emperor elected in 1519 was Charles V.
The new emperor elected in 1519 was Charles V.
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Luther's reforms were primarily driven by his desire to increase the power of the church hierarchy.
Luther's reforms were primarily driven by his desire to increase the power of the church hierarchy.
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Luther's views on scripture interpretation were influenced by the rise of Zwingli.
Luther's views on scripture interpretation were influenced by the rise of Zwingli.
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The Leipzig Disputation was a debate that reaffirmed the authority of the empire.
The Leipzig Disputation was a debate that reaffirmed the authority of the empire.
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The minister's authority is limited to spiritual matters only.
The minister's authority is limited to spiritual matters only.
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Luther believed that the church should have no influence on secular government.
Luther believed that the church should have no influence on secular government.
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A cult can only develop in an orthodox church.
A cult can only develop in an orthodox church.
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The minister's authority is derived from the Word of God.
The minister's authority is derived from the Word of God.
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Luther saw the church and state as intertwined entities.
Luther saw the church and state as intertwined entities.
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The minister believes that the church should have absolute authority over its members.
The minister believes that the church should have absolute authority over its members.
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Luther's actions had no implications for the understanding of authority in the church.
Luther's actions had no implications for the understanding of authority in the church.
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The concept of a cult is primarily related to leadership and followers culture.
The concept of a cult is primarily related to leadership and followers culture.
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Luther believed that church authority lies with the institutional church hierarchy.
Luther believed that church authority lies with the institutional church hierarchy.
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In the OPC, excommunication is carried out with infallible authority.
In the OPC, excommunication is carried out with infallible authority.
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Luther's views on scripture interpretation were influenced by the rise of Zwingli.
Luther's views on scripture interpretation were influenced by the rise of Zwingli.
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The Reformation led to a strengthening of papal authority in the Church.
The Reformation led to a strengthening of papal authority in the Church.
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Luther believed that the church and the state are separate entities.
Luther believed that the church and the state are separate entities.
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The Leipzig Disputation reaffirmed the authority of conciliarism.
The Leipzig Disputation reaffirmed the authority of conciliarism.
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Luther advocated for the church to intervene in secular government.
Luther advocated for the church to intervene in secular government.
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Luther saw the Pope as having supreme authority over scripture.
Luther saw the Pope as having supreme authority over scripture.
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Study Notes
The Creedle Imperative
- A minister has no power to interfere with personal choices, such as dressing in a canary yellow suit or becoming a vegetarian, as these are not governed by the Word of God.
- However, a minister does have power to intervene in cases of adultery, as this is addressed by the Word of God.
The Concept of a Cult
- A cult is not defined by doctrinal issues, but rather by a leadership culture and a followers' culture that can develop in an orthodox church.
- This concept is important because it highlights the importance of understanding the limits of ministerial authority.
Luther's Reformation
- Luther's actions have implications for our understanding of authority in the church.
- Ministers have authority, but it is ministerial, not magisterial, and is subject to specific limits.
- Luther advocates for the church to focus on the Word and the cross, rather than relying on a magisterial authority.
Church Authority
- Luther's view is that church authority lies with the Word and the cross, rather than with a magisterial hierarchy.
- In the OPC, excommunication is done ministerially, recognizing that the church does not have infallible authority.
The Pope's Authority
- Luther argues that the Pope has no magisterial authority and is subject to the Word of God.
- The Pope's authority is limited to what is given to him by the Word of God.
The Church's Authority
- Luther advocates for a more democratic approach to church authority, arguing that the power of the keys lies with all Christian believers.
- However, he later backpedals on this view, recognizing the importance of having a trained and competent leadership in the church.
Proposals for Reform
- Luther proposes 27 reforms to the secular magistrate, including stopping the flow of tax money to Rome and ending the practice of appealing to Rome.
- He also advocates for the church to become poorer and to reject the ostentation of the papacy.
The Reformation and Church-State Relations
- Kissing someone's feet in the 16th century was considered repulsive and should be stopped.
- The civil magistrate should ensure one pastor per town, as pluralities were a significant problem, leading to lucrative benefits and the income of multiple parishes.
Pluralities and the Problem of Mendicancy
- Pluralities involved one pastor overseeing multiple parishes, leading to lucrative benefits and income.
- The Reformers opposed pluralities, but it was a persistent problem in the 16th century.
- Mendicancy, or begging, should be abolished, as it allowed influential monastic orders to raise money.
The 27 Proposals and the Reformation
- Luther proposed 27 reforms, including:
- Scrapping indulgences
- Seeking a political alliance with the Bohemians
- Allowing the Holy Roman Emperor to rule as he chooses
- Nationalizing banks to prevent corruption
- These proposals had economic significance and would have enhanced the political and economic power of the nobles.
Church-State Crisis and the Reformation
- The church had appropriated too much power that should belong to the secular state.
- Luther sought to reform the sacramental system and address the relationship between the church and the state.
- The church-state crisis was precipitated by:
- The failure of the church to reform itself
- The need for secular support for the Reformation
- The pragmatism of Luther and the need for survival
The Role of the Minister and the Limits of Authority
- Ministers have authority, but it is ministerial, not magisterial, and is subject to specific limits.
- The concept of a cult is not just about doctrine, but also about a leadership culture and a followers culture that can develop in any church.
- Luther's understanding of authority has implications for the understanding of ministerial authority.
The Three Treatises of 1520
- The three treatises are:
- The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
- The Freedom of the Christian Man
- An Appeal to the German Nobility
The Death of Emperor Maximilian and the Election of Charles V
- The death of Emperor Maximilian in 1519 led to a suspension of imperial actions against Luther.
- The electoral college, led by Frederick the Wise, took the emperor's place, and action against Luther was suspended.
- The new emperor, Charles V, was elected in late 1519, and the ball could start rolling again against Luther.
The Leipzig Disputation and the Reformation
- The Leipzig Disputation, where Luther clashed with John Eck, brought into sharp focus the question of authority.
- Luther's conclusion was that church authority lies with the word and the cross.
- Luther moved church authority from being a magisterial thing to a ministerial thing, rooted in the Word and refracted through the cross.
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Explore the limits of a minister's authority in a church, including personal choices and beliefs. Discover how scripture influences decision-making and individual freedom.
