30 Questions
What are the cardinal motor signs of Parkinson's disease?
Bradykinesia, rigidity, rest tremor, and impaired postural stability
What term is used to describe the predominance of mild rigidity, gegenhalten and bradykinesia in the lower limbs of some patients?
Lower body parkinsonism
What is the common term used to describe the rigid akinetic gait disorder seen in Parkinson's disease?
Parkinsonian gait
Which treatment option is often the only choice for patients with lower body parkinsonism?
Physiotherapy including gait training
What sign may be present in patients with causal treatment available, such as shunting in normal pressure hydrocephalus?
Frontal release signs
Which motor symptoms initially affect only one side of the body and then spread to the other side in the majority of Parkinson's disease patients?
Bradykinesia and rest tremor
Which type of gait pattern in Parkinson's disease is referred to as festination?
Shuffling on the spot
What is a characteristic feature of hemiparkinsonism in terms of gait?
Dragging of the leg on the affected side
Why do patients with Parkinson's disease find it easier to climb up stairs than to walk on a level surface?
Due to reduced freezing on stairs
What is the dominant cause of falls in Parkinson's disease?
Impaired postural reflexes
What happens when PD patients perform other tasks simultaneously, such as walking while talking?
Gait impairment worsens
In which phase of Parkinson's disease does freezing typically occur when linked to periods with loss of levodopa response?
'OFF' phases
What are some possible causes of rigid akinetic gait disorder in Parkinson's disease, when it presents early in the disease course?
Old age or longer disease duration than realized by the patients
Which of the following neurodegenerative conditions responds less well to dopaminergic therapy than Parkinson's disease?
Multiple system atrophy (MSA)
What is a characteristic postural abnormality associated with multiple system atrophy (MSA) that may further impair gait?
Disproportionate antecollis
Which of the following is a relevant clinical manifestation of the classical clinical type of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)?
Pure akinesia with freezing gait
What is a possible cause of secondary dystonias affecting gait in adulthood?
Toxic or hypoxic basal ganglia damage
How do sensory tricks, such as resting one’s hand on one’s neck, affect dystonic gait in some patients?
Completely resolve dystonic gait
Which type of gait disorder may lead to inconsistent clinical neurological findings, a lack of persistence of symptoms, and temporary complete resolution while the patient feels unobserved or distracted?
Psychogenic gait disorder
What is a specific clinical sign that may point towards a functional nature of a gait disorder?
Manipulation-resistant dorsiflexion of the first toe
What is a potential cause for a bizarre walking pattern that may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of a psychogenic gait disorder?
Neuroacanthocytosis syndromes
What behavior has been identified as highly specific for functional gait disorders?
Huffing and puffing sign
What is considered a fundamental function that determines human life almost as much as speech, higher cognitive abilities, and use of complex tools?
Bipedal gait
What approach has NOT yet been proven to be efficacious for patients with functional gait disorders?
No approach has yet been proven to be efficacious
What is the characteristic gait pattern of choreatic gait disorder?
Jerky and irregular
Which neurological disorder mainly affects the muscles of the lower extremities and the trunk, particularly during standing?
Orthostatic tremor
What is the typical cause of myoclonic gait disorder in older age groups?
Generalized cerebral ischemia or hypoxia
What is a possible consequence of unilateral lesions in the thalamus or lenticular nucleus?
Feelings of being pulled to one side
What medication may show mild benefits for patients with orthostatic tremor?
Clonazepam
What is a common feature of acute vestibular disturbances?
Propensity to fall
Test your knowledge about choreatic gait disorders and their association with Huntington’s disease, including the inheritance pattern, manifestation, cognitive decline, psychiatric disturbance, and other related movement disorders.
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