PH 8 Drugs for Allergy and Respiratory
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Questions and Answers

Which type of drug is used to prevent and/or relieve coughing?

  • Antitussive (correct)
  • Bronchodilator
  • Mucolytic
  • Corticosteroid

    • What is the main purpose of asthma controller drugs?

  • Relax airway smooth muscles
  • Reduce nasal swelling
  • Relieve coughing
  • Prevent an asthma attack (correct)

    • Which type of drug is used to stop an asthma attack once it has started?

  • Cholinergic antagonist
  • Sympathomimetic
  • Asthma reliever drug (correct)
  • Leukotriene inhibitor

    • What is the main purpose of long-acting beta-adrenergic agonists (LABA)?

    <p>Prevent bronchospasms and asthma attacks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of leukotriene inhibitors?

    <p>Headache (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nursing implication for leukotriene inhibitors?

    <p>Monitor liver function with long-term use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of zileuton (Zyflo), a leukotriene inhibitor?

    <p>Blocks production of leukotriene within white blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should leukotriene inhibitors be started?

    <p>As part of an asthma treatment regimen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs counteracts the response of histamine in causing smooth muscle contraction and dilation and leakage of capillaries?

    <p>Antihistamines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to an excessive reaction that leads to an inflammatory response when a person comes into contact with a substance (allergen) to which he or she is sensitive?

    <p>Allergy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs are used to relieve symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

    <p>Beta-adrenergic agonists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs are used to prevent asthma attacks and manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

    <p>Asthma controller drugs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of histamine receptor do antihistamines block to limit blood vessel vasodilation, capillary leak, swelling, and bronchoconstriction?

    <p>H1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nursing implication when administering fexofenadine (Allegra)?

    <p>Ask patients about kidney problems before administration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs prevents mast cell membranes from opening and releasing histamine and leukotriene?

    <p>Mast cell stabilizers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nursing implication when administering montelukast (Singulair)?

    <p>Report any yellowing of the skin or eyes, darkening of the urine, or white/gray stools (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mediators released by WBCs are responsible for starting inflammation and keeping the inflammatory response going once it has started?

    <p>Histamine and leukotriene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms are caused by the contraction of smooth muscle and dilation and leakage of capillaries, due to the release of histamine and leukotriene?

    <p>Swelling, redness, tissue irritation, and mucous production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drugs interfere with inflammation and are commonly used to treat allergies?

    <p>Antihistamines, leukotriene blockers, and corticosteroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the nursing implications when administering first-generation antihistamines?

    <p>Checking urine output in patients with an enlarged prostate gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antihistamines cause sedation and are available over the counter (OTC)?

    <p>First-generation antihistamines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antihistamines have a more rapid onset of relief of sneezing, itching, and rhinorrhea?

    <p>Second-generation antihistamines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is expected for most antihistamines?

    <p>Dry mouth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population should first-generation antihistamines be used with caution in?

    <p>Children (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about mast cell stabilizers (cromones) is true?

    <p>Mast cell stabilizers are used as inhaled drugs for nasal allergies and asthma. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients do if they experience an increase in asthma attacks or allergic symptoms?

    <p>Report the increase to their healthcare provider. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can pregnant or breastfeeding individuals consider not taking mast cell stabilizers?

    <p>They should consider not taking mast cell stabilizers based on their own decision. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic effect usually seen within 3 to 7 days of taking these drugs?

    <p>Reduction in the number and severity of allergic reactions or asthma attacks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mast cell stabilizers (cromones) work?

    <p>They prevent mast cells from opening to release inflammatory mediators. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using mast cell stabilizers (cromones) for asthma and nasal allergies?

    <p>To prevent asthma attacks and nasal allergies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of antihistamines?

    <p>Drowsiness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of leukotriene inhibitors?

    <p>To reduce inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nursing implication for beta-adrenergic agonists?

    <p>Monitor blood pressure regularly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of mucolytic drugs?

    <p>To thin and loosen mucus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug is used to prevent an asthma attack?

    <p>Bronchodilator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of leukotriene inhibitors?

    <p>To block the leukotriene response and lessen or prevent allergy and asthma symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antibody is the body's defense against allergens?

    <p>IgE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug mimics the sympathetic nervous system and has the same actions as the body's own adrenaline?

    <p>Sympathomimetic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of antihistamines is more effective against nasal congestion?

    <p>First-generation drugs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why second-generation antihistamines are preferred over first-generation antihistamines?

    <p>They do not cause sedation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected side effect for most antihistamines?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population should first-generation antihistamines be used with caution in?

    <p>Children (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mediators is responsible for starting the inflammation when antibodies react with allergens?

    <p>Histamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms are caused by the contraction of smooth muscle and dilation and leakage of capillaries, due to the release of histamine and leukotriene?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug is used to treat allergies by interfering with inflammation?

    <p>Corticosteroids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of leukotriene inhibitors?

    <p>To prevent asthma attacks and manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs blocks the production of leukotriene within white blood cells?

    <p>Zileuton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of leukotriene inhibitors?

    <p>Headache (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should leukotriene inhibitors be started?

    <p>As part of an asthma treatment regimen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs has the least amount of drug interactions?

    <p>Montelukast (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs blocks the leukotriene receptors on tissues to stop allergy symptoms and prevent bronchoconstriction in asthma?

    <p>Montelukast (Singulair) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs should be taken 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal to ensure best absorption?

    <p>Zafirlukast (Accolate) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs should be given in the evening due to its more sedating effects compared to other second-generation antihistamines?

    <p>Levocetirizine (Xyzal) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs must be used as prescribed daily to reduce symptoms because they are not rapid-acting?

    <p>Cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of mast cell stabilizers (cromones)?

    <p>Nasal congestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of leukotriene inhibitors?

    <p>To prevent asthma attacks or allergic responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nursing implication for mast cell stabilizers (cromones)?

    <p>Monitor the patient for increased asthma attacks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antihistamines cause sedation and are available over the counter (OTC)?

    <p>First-generation antihistamines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mediators released by WBCs are responsible for starting inflammation and keeping the inflammatory response going once it has started?

    <p>Histamine and leukotrienes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can pregnant or breastfeeding individuals consider not taking leukotriene inhibitors?

    <p>Only if their healthcare provider advises against it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antibody is produced by specific immune system cells known as lymphocytes in response to allergens?

    <p>IgE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs works by blocking the action of acetylcholine and inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system response?

    <p>Cholinergic antagonists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of long-acting beta-adrenergic agonists (LABA)?

    <p>To prevent bronchospasms and asthma attacks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of mucolytic drugs?

    <p>To decrease the thickness of respiratory secretions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible side effect of antihistamines?

    <p>Muscle weakness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

    <p>Leukotriene inhibitors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between asthma controller (preventive) drugs and asthma reliever (rescue) drugs?

    <p>Controller drugs are used daily to prevent symptoms, while reliever drugs are used as needed to relieve symptoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic effect usually seen within 3 to 7 days of taking antihistamines?

    <p>Relief of sneezing, itching, and rhinorrhea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs should be taken with caution in patients with kidney problems?

    <p>Levocetirizine (Xyzal) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a side effect of second-generation antihistamines?

    <p>Urinary retention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct dosage range for fexofenadine (Allegra)?

    <p>60 mg orally twice daily (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of mast cell stabilizers (cromones)?

    <p>Preventing histamine release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nursing implication for second-generation antihistamines?

    <p>They can cause sedation and should be taken at bedtime. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication or precaution for the use of antihistamines?

    <p>Presence of prostatic hypertrophy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an adverse effect of antihistamines?

    <p>Increased heart rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a drug interaction with antihistamines?

    <p>Use with CNS depressants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is used to treat allergies by interfering with inflammation?

    <p>Corticosteroids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms are caused by the release of histamine and leukotriene, resulting in the contraction of smooth muscle and dilation and leakage of capillaries?

    <p>Swelling and redness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs blocks the production of leukotriene within white blood cells?

    <p>Leukotriene blockers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs can be applied topically to the skin when allergic reactions are present?

    <p>Corticosteroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nursing implication for leukotriene inhibitors?

    <p>Monitor liver function regularly in patients taking leukotriene inhibitors long-term. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of antihistamines?

    <p>Dry mouth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about first-generation antihistamines?

    <p>They should be used with caution in older patients and those who require alertness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nursing implication for mast cell stabilizers (cromones)?

    <p>Mast cell stabilizers should be taken on an empty stomach to ensure optimal absorption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct nursing implication for mast cell stabilizers (cromones)?

    <p>Advise the patient to report any increase in asthma attacks or allergic symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct nursing implication for leukotriene inhibitors?

    <p>Take 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct nursing implication for beta-adrenergic agonists?

    <p>Use as a rescue medication during an asthma attack (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct nursing implication for antihistamines?

    <p>Take 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct nursing implication for mucolytic drugs?

    <p>Administer as an inhaler (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct nursing implication for first-generation antihistamines?

    <p>Administer as an oral medication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mediators works with histamine to keep the inflammatory response going once it has started?

    <p>Leukotriene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT caused by histamine and leukotriene release during an allergic reaction?

    <p>Coughing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common drug used to treat allergies that interferes with inflammation?

    <p>Corticosteroid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nursing implication for first-generation antihistamines?

    <p>Avoid giving to patients with glaucoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is used to stop histamines from attaching to histamine receptors in the tissues and producing inflammatory and allergic symptoms?

    <p>Antihistamines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs counteracts the response of histamine in causing smooth muscle contraction and dilation and leakage of capillaries?

    <p>Antihistamines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs are used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

    <p>Beta-adrenergic agonists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs are used to treat allergy, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

    <p>Leukotriene inhibitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug is used to relax the airway smooth muscles and widen the lumen of the airways?

    <p>Bronchodilators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antibody is the body's defense against allergens?

    <p>IgE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug blocks the action of acetylcholine and inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system response?

    <p>Cholinergic antagonists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug reduces the swelling of nasal passages by shrinking the small blood vessels in the nose, throat, and sinuses?

    <p>Decongestants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs blocks the production of leukotriene within white blood cells?

    <p>Zileuton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs blocks the leukotriene receptors on tissues to stop allergy symptoms and prevent bronchoconstriction in asthma?

    <p>Montelukast (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs should be given in the evening due to its more sedating effects compared to other second-generation antihistamines?

    <p>Levocetirizine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is used to treat allergies by interfering with inflammation?

    <p>Cromolyn sodium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of antihistamines?

    <p>Constipation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between first-generation and second-generation antihistamines?

    <p>First-generation antihistamines cause sedation, while second-generation antihistamines do not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of antihistamines?

    <p>Glaucoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs can strengthen the anticholinergic side effects of antihistamines?

    <p>Alcohol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of long-term use of topical nasal antihistamines?

    <p>Rebound effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between zileuton (Zyflo) and montelukast (Singulair)?

    <p>Zileuton blocks leukotriene production, while montelukast blocks leukotriene receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main nursing implication for leukotriene inhibitors?

    <p>Monitor for liver dysfunction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of leukotriene inhibitors?

    <p>Headache (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug is used to prevent (rather than stop) an asthma attack or allergic response?

    <p>Mast cell stabilizers (cromones) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs should not be abruptly stopped or have the dosage decreased?

    <p>Mast cell stabilizers (cromones) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of mast cell stabilizers (cromones)?

    <p>Preventing mast cell membranes from opening and releasing histamine and leukotriene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate nursing implication for mast cell stabilizers (cromones)?

    <p>Monitor liver function tests regularly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic effect usually seen within 3 to 7 days of taking antihistamines?

    <p>Reduction in the number and severity of allergic reactions or asthma attacks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug reduces the amount of histamine and leukotriene release and can be helpful for allergy or asthma?

    <p>Mast cell stabilizers (cromones) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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