Cholinesterase Inhibitors Adverse Effects Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the central role that beta-amyloid appears to play in Alzheimer's disease?

  • Contributing to the loss of cholinergic function
  • Accumulating early in the disease process (correct)
  • Enhancing the neurotoxic effects of ERAB
  • Forming neurofibrillary tangles inside neurons

    • What is the prominent feature of AD that results from the disruption of the orderly arrangement of microtubules inside neurons?

  • Elevated homocysteine levels
  • Apolipoprotein E4
  • Neurofibrillary tangles (correct)
  • Neuritic plaques

    • What is the main role of apolipoprotein E4 in Alzheimer's disease?

  • Playing a role in cholesterol transport (correct)
  • Promoting the formation of neurofibrillary tangles
  • Contributing to the loss of cholinergic function
  • Enhancing the neurotoxic effects of beta-amyloid

    • What is a risk factor associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Nicotine in cigarette smoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug blocks neuronal receptors for n-methyl d-aspartate and is approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia?

    <p>Memantine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of Alzheimer's disease treatment?

    <p>To improve memory and cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom experienced by patients with early-stage Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Sundowning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on mild to moderate AD?

    <p>They have modest and short-lasting improvements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Alzheimer's disease according to the text?

    <p>Unknown underlying cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with Alzheimer's disease as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Enhanced vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the hippocampus play in Alzheimer's disease according to the text?

    <p>Critical for forming memories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the decline in acetylcholine levels in patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease as mentioned in the text?

    <p>It is a critical transmitter in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain experiences neuronal degeneration early in Alzheimer's disease, leading to short-term memory failure?

    <p>Hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of Americans affected by Alzheimer's disease according to the text?

    <p>More than 5.5 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter level is significantly below normal in patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when cortical neurons degenerate in patients with Alzheimer's disease according to the text?

    <p>Difficulty with reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for avoiding first generation antihistamines, tricyclic anti-depressants, and conventional anti-psychotics when using cholinesterase inhibitors?

    <p>They can reduce an individual's responses to cholinesterase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the similarity between Rivastigmine and Galantamine?

    <p>Both cause irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of Memantine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>It slows the decline in cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is dosage adjustment required for patients with creatinine clearance of less than 30 mL/min when using Memantine?

    <p>To prevent decreased renal excretion causing increased levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conducting post-approval studies (Phase 4 confirmatory trials) for the drug aducanumab?

    <p>To verify the drug’s clinical benefit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of people with AD experience neuropsychiatric symptoms?

    <p>More than 80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes drugs for localized muscle spasms from those for spasticity?

    <p>Their effect on muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug acts directly on the skeletal muscle to suppress the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Dantrolene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which centrally acting muscle relaxant is contraindicated with MAOIs, SSRIs, SNRIs, and tricyclic antidepressants?

    <p>Cyclobenzaprine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug acts in the central nervous system and mimics the action of GABA?

    <p>Diazepam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main adverse side effect of diazepam?

    <p>Sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used to treat malignant hyperthermia and has a black box warning for hepatic toxicity?

    <p>Dantrolene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of methocarbamol that affects urine color?

    <p>Black urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle relaxant is considered the least sedating out of the given group?

    <p>Metaxalone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle relaxant can be hazardous to patients predisposed to intermittent porphyria?

    <p>Carisoprodol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect can be caused by chlorzoxazone related to urine color?

    <p>Orange urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle relaxant can cause hypotension and hallucinations as potential adverse effects?

    <p>Tizanidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary belief regarding the mechanism of action for most centrally acting muscle relaxants?

    <p>Sedative properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle relaxant is particularly associated with hepatic toxicity as an adverse effect?

    <p>Carisoprodol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect common to all centrally acting muscle relaxants mentioned in the text?

    <p>CNS depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

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