Cholinesterase Inhibitors Adverse Effects Quiz

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What is the central role that beta-amyloid appears to play in Alzheimer's disease?

Contributing to the loss of cholinergic function

Accumulating early in the disease process (correct)

Enhancing the neurotoxic effects of ERAB

Forming neurofibrillary tangles inside neurons

What is the prominent feature of AD that results from the disruption of the orderly arrangement of microtubules inside neurons?

Elevated homocysteine levels

Apolipoprotein E4

Neurofibrillary tangles (correct)

Neuritic plaques

What is the main role of apolipoprotein E4 in Alzheimer's disease?

Playing a role in cholesterol transport (correct)

Promoting the formation of neurofibrillary tangles

Contributing to the loss of cholinergic function

Enhancing the neurotoxic effects of beta-amyloid

What is a risk factor associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease?

Nicotine in cigarette smoke Signup and view all the answers

Which drug blocks neuronal receptors for n-methyl d-aspartate and is approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia?

Memantine Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of Alzheimer's disease treatment?

To improve memory and cognition Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom experienced by patients with early-stage Alzheimer's disease?

Sundowning Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on mild to moderate AD?

They have modest and short-lasting improvements Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Alzheimer's disease according to the text?

Unknown underlying cause Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with Alzheimer's disease as mentioned in the text?

Enhanced vision Signup and view all the answers

What role does the hippocampus play in Alzheimer's disease according to the text?

Critical for forming memories Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the decline in acetylcholine levels in patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease as mentioned in the text?

It is a critical transmitter in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain experiences neuronal degeneration early in Alzheimer's disease, leading to short-term memory failure?

Hippocampus Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of Americans affected by Alzheimer's disease according to the text?

More than 5.5 million Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter level is significantly below normal in patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What happens when cortical neurons degenerate in patients with Alzheimer's disease according to the text?

Difficulty with reasoning Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for avoiding first generation antihistamines, tricyclic anti-depressants, and conventional anti-psychotics when using cholinesterase inhibitors?

They can reduce an individual's responses to cholinesterase inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is the similarity between Rivastigmine and Galantamine?

Both cause irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of Memantine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?

It slows the decline in cognitive function Signup and view all the answers

Why is dosage adjustment required for patients with creatinine clearance of less than 30 mL/min when using Memantine?

To prevent decreased renal excretion causing increased levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of conducting post-approval studies (Phase 4 confirmatory trials) for the drug aducanumab?

To verify the drug’s clinical benefit Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of people with AD experience neuropsychiatric symptoms?

More than 80% Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes drugs for localized muscle spasms from those for spasticity?

Their effect on muscle tone Signup and view all the answers

Which drug acts directly on the skeletal muscle to suppress the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Dantrolene Signup and view all the answers

Which centrally acting muscle relaxant is contraindicated with MAOIs, SSRIs, SNRIs, and tricyclic antidepressants?

Cyclobenzaprine Signup and view all the answers

Which drug acts in the central nervous system and mimics the action of GABA?

Diazepam Signup and view all the answers

What is the main adverse side effect of diazepam?

Sedation Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is used to treat malignant hyperthermia and has a black box warning for hepatic toxicity?

Dantrolene Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of methocarbamol that affects urine color?

Black urine Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle relaxant is considered the least sedating out of the given group?

Metaxalone Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle relaxant can be hazardous to patients predisposed to intermittent porphyria?

Carisoprodol Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect can be caused by chlorzoxazone related to urine color?

Orange urine Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle relaxant can cause hypotension and hallucinations as potential adverse effects?

Tizanidine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary belief regarding the mechanism of action for most centrally acting muscle relaxants?

Sedative properties Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle relaxant is particularly associated with hepatic toxicity as an adverse effect?