Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between the activation of muscarinic and the activation of nicotinic receptors?
What is the main difference between the activation of muscarinic and the activation of nicotinic receptors?
- Muscarinic receptors are only found in the central nervous system, while nicotinic receptors are only found in the peripheral nervous system
- Muscarinic receptors are involved in voluntary muscle control, while nicotinic receptors are involved in involuntary muscle control
- Muscarinic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, while nicotinic receptors are G-protein coupled receptors
- Muscarinic receptors are G-protein coupled receptors, while nicotinic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels (correct)
What is the mechanism of action of cholinesterase inhibitors?
What is the mechanism of action of cholinesterase inhibitors?
- They block the binding of acetylcholine to its receptors, reducing cholinergic effects
- They inhibit the release of acetylcholine from presynaptic neurons
- They directly stimulate muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
- They prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to prolonged cholinergic effects (correct)
Which drug is a direct-acting cholinergic drug that is used to treat glaucoma?
Which drug is a direct-acting cholinergic drug that is used to treat glaucoma?
- Pilocarpine (correct)
- Nicotine
- Neostigmine
- Physostigmine
What is the main adverse effect of cholinergic drugs?
What is the main adverse effect of cholinergic drugs?
What is the effect of acetylcholine on the respiratory tract?
What is the effect of acetylcholine on the respiratory tract?
What effect does acetylcholine have on the urinary bladder?
What effect does acetylcholine have on the urinary bladder?
What is the effect of acetylcholine on the heart rate and cardiac output?
What is the effect of acetylcholine on the heart rate and cardiac output?
What is the effect of acetylcholine on the tone and peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract?
What is the effect of acetylcholine on the tone and peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract?
What effect does acetylcholine have on the eye's iris?
What effect does acetylcholine have on the eye's iris?
What is the effect of acetylcholine on the ciliary muscle of the eye?
What is the effect of acetylcholine on the ciliary muscle of the eye?
What is the effect of acetylcholine on the secretion of sweat, saliva, and lacrimation?
What is the effect of acetylcholine on the secretion of sweat, saliva, and lacrimation?
What is the effect of acetylcholine on autonomic ganglia?
What is the effect of acetylcholine on autonomic ganglia?
Which type of drugs are used to treat hypertension, hypotension, shock, and heart failure?
Which type of drugs are used to treat hypertension, hypotension, shock, and heart failure?
Which receptor type is stimulated by muscarine and blocked by atropine?
Which receptor type is stimulated by muscarine and blocked by atropine?
Which enzyme is involved in the termination of the action of acetylcholine?
Which enzyme is involved in the termination of the action of acetylcholine?
Which nervous system is essential for digestive processes and waste elimination?
Which nervous system is essential for digestive processes and waste elimination?
Which type of drugs produce actions similar to acetylcholine through direct-acting choline esters like acetylcholine?
Which type of drugs produce actions similar to acetylcholine through direct-acting choline esters like acetylcholine?
Which type of receptors are ion channel receptors?
Which type of receptors are ion channel receptors?
Which type of receptors are G-protein coupled receptors?
Which type of receptors are G-protein coupled receptors?
Which enzyme is involved in the synthesis of the transmitter acetylcholine?
Which enzyme is involved in the synthesis of the transmitter acetylcholine?
Which type of drugs are used to treat myasthenia gravis and urinary retention?
Which type of drugs are used to treat myasthenia gravis and urinary retention?
Which type of drugs affect cholinergic transmission by inhibiting choline carrier?
Which type of drugs affect cholinergic transmission by inhibiting choline carrier?
Which type of drugs affect cholinergic transmission by inhibiting vesicular storage and release?
Which type of drugs affect cholinergic transmission by inhibiting vesicular storage and release?
Which type of drugs affect cholinergic transmission by enhancing vesicular storage and release?
Which type of drugs affect cholinergic transmission by enhancing vesicular storage and release?
Which drug is used to treat glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure?
Which drug is used to treat glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure?
Which choline ester is used in the diagnosis of bronchial hyperactivity and asthmatic conditions?
Which choline ester is used in the diagnosis of bronchial hyperactivity and asthmatic conditions?
Which choline ester is used to stimulate atonic bladder and treat congenital megacolon and paralytic ileus?
Which choline ester is used to stimulate atonic bladder and treat congenital megacolon and paralytic ileus?
Which choline ester is poorly absorbed from the stomach and has poor lipid solubility?
Which choline ester is poorly absorbed from the stomach and has poor lipid solubility?
What is the alkaloid obtained from Pilocarpus microphyllus used for?
What is the alkaloid obtained from Pilocarpus microphyllus used for?
What are the adverse effects of Pilocarpine?
What are the adverse effects of Pilocarpine?
What do reversible anticholinesterases inhibit?
What do reversible anticholinesterases inhibit?
What are the therapeutic uses of Physostigmine, Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Ambenonium?
What are the therapeutic uses of Physostigmine, Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Ambenonium?
What are the adverse effects of Bethanechol?
What are the adverse effects of Bethanechol?
What is the main use of Methacholine?
What is the main use of Methacholine?
What distinguishes irreversible anticholinesterases from reversible ones?
What distinguishes irreversible anticholinesterases from reversible ones?
What is the therapeutic use of Pilocarpine?
What is the therapeutic use of Pilocarpine?
Which irreversible anticholinesterase binds covalently to the serine-OH group at the active site of acetylcholinesterase?
Which irreversible anticholinesterase binds covalently to the serine-OH group at the active site of acetylcholinesterase?
Which irreversible anticholinesterase undergoes aging by the loss of one of its ethyl groups, making it impossible for enzyme reactivator to break the bond between the remaining drug and the enzyme?
Which irreversible anticholinesterase undergoes aging by the loss of one of its ethyl groups, making it impossible for enzyme reactivator to break the bond between the remaining drug and the enzyme?
Which irreversible anticholinesterase produces intense miosis, forming the basis of its therapeutic application?
Which irreversible anticholinesterase produces intense miosis, forming the basis of its therapeutic application?
Which cholinesterase reactivator binds with the anionic site of cholinesterase and undergoes a reaction to cause hydrolysis of the phosphoserine bond, resulting in free enzyme?
Which cholinesterase reactivator binds with the anionic site of cholinesterase and undergoes a reaction to cause hydrolysis of the phosphoserine bond, resulting in free enzyme?
Which drug is an irreversible anticholinesterase used for the chronic treatment of open-angle glaucoma, with a potential risk of cataracts limiting its use?
Which drug is an irreversible anticholinesterase used for the chronic treatment of open-angle glaucoma, with a potential risk of cataracts limiting its use?
Which drug is used as a cholinesterase reactivator in the management of organophosphorus poisoning, and should be administered as early as possible to avoid aging?
Which drug is used as a cholinesterase reactivator in the management of organophosphorus poisoning, and should be administered as early as possible to avoid aging?
Which drug is a reversible anticholinesterase structurally related to neostigmine, with similar mode of action and side effects, and is used to treat chronic open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma?
Which drug is a reversible anticholinesterase structurally related to neostigmine, with similar mode of action and side effects, and is used to treat chronic open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma?
Which drugs are categorized as reversible anticholinesterases used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease?
Which drugs are categorized as reversible anticholinesterases used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease?
Which drug is a cerebroselective anti-ChE used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease?
Which drug is a cerebroselective anti-ChE used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease?
Which drug is used to stimulate atonic bladder and treat congenital megacolon and paralytic ileus?
Which drug is used to stimulate atonic bladder and treat congenital megacolon and paralytic ileus?
Which drug is used in the diagnosis of bronchial hyperactivity and asthmatic conditions?
Which drug is used in the diagnosis of bronchial hyperactivity and asthmatic conditions?
Flashcards
Muscarinic vs. Nicotinic Activation?
Muscarinic vs. Nicotinic Activation?
Muscarinic receptors are G-protein coupled; nicotinic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Action?
Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Action?
Prevent acetylcholine breakdown, prolonging its effects.
Pilocarpine: Use?
Pilocarpine: Use?
A direct-acting cholinergic drug used to treat glaucoma.
Cholinergic Drug: Main Adverse Effect?
Cholinergic Drug: Main Adverse Effect?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Acetylcholine: Respiratory Tract Effect?
Acetylcholine: Respiratory Tract Effect?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Acetylcholine: Urinary Bladder Effect?
Acetylcholine: Urinary Bladder Effect?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Acetylcholine: Heart Effect?
Acetylcholine: Heart Effect?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Acetylcholine: GI Tract Effect?
Acetylcholine: GI Tract Effect?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Acetylcholine: Iris Effect?
Acetylcholine: Iris Effect?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Acetylcholine: Ciliary Muscle Effect?
Acetylcholine: Ciliary Muscle Effect?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Acetylcholine: Secretion Effect?
Acetylcholine: Secretion Effect?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Acetylcholine: Autonomic Ganglia Effect?
Acetylcholine: Autonomic Ganglia Effect?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which receptor: muscarine agonist, atropine antagonist?
Which receptor: muscarine agonist, atropine antagonist?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Enzymes Terminating Acetylcholine Action?
Enzymes Terminating Acetylcholine Action?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which nervous system is for digestion and waste elimination?
Which nervous system is for digestion and waste elimination?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which receptors are ion channels?
Which receptors are ion channels?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Which receptors are G-protein coupled?
Which receptors are G-protein coupled?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Enzyme Synthesizing Acetylcholine?
Enzyme Synthesizing Acetylcholine?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the mode of action for hemicholinium?
What is the mode of action for hemicholinium?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the mode of action for Atropine?
What is the mode of action for Atropine?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Carbachol used for?
What is Carbachol used for?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Methacholine used for?
What is Methacholine used for?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Bethanechol used for?
What is Bethanechol used for?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are Tacrine, Donepezil, Rivastigmine and galantamine used for?
What are Tacrine, Donepezil, Rivastigmine and galantamine used for?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Echothiophate used for?
What is Echothiophate used for?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Pralidoxime used for?
What is Pralidoxime used for?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is demecarium used for?
What is demecarium used for?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What do reversible anticholinestereses inhibit?
What do reversible anticholinestereses inhibit?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the thereapeutic use of Pilocarpine?
What is the thereapeutic use of Pilocarpine?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the main use of Methacholine?
What is the main use of Methacholine?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Cholinergic (Parasympathetic) Drugs: Choline Esters
- Choline esters like Acetylcholine, Methacholine, Bethanechol, and Carbachol are poorly absorbed from the stomach and have poor lipid solubility.
- Therapeutic uses of Bethanechol include stimulating atonic bladder and treating congenital megacolon and paralytic ileus.
- Carbachol may be used in the eye to treat glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure.
- Adverse effects of Bethanechol include generalized cholinergic stimulation effects like sweating, salivation, and decreased blood pressure.
- Methacholine, with more muscarinic action than nicotinic, is used in the diagnosis of bronchial hyperactivity and asthmatic conditions.
- Pilocarpine, an alkaloid obtained from Pilocarpus microphyllus, is used topically to produce rapid miosis and contraction of ciliary muscle in the eye.
- Pilocarpine is used as a drug of choice in emergency lowering of intraocular pressure in glaucoma and in promoting salivation in patients with xerostomia.
- Profuse sweating and salivation are adverse effects of Pilocarpine, and it can cause CNS disturbances at high doses.
- Anticholinesterase agents inhibit the enzyme acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and protect ACh from hydrolysis.
- Reversible anticholinesterases include Edrophonium, Neostigmine, Physostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Ambenonium.
- Irreversible anticholinesterases are insecticides and nerve gas poisons like Organophosphorus compounds and Carbamates.
- Physostigmine, Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Ambenonium have various therapeutic uses and actions, including reversing atropine overdose, treating myasthenia gravis, and diagnosing myasthenia gravis.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge of cholinergic (parasympathetic) drugs and their therapeutic uses, adverse effects, and mechanisms of action. This quiz covers choline esters like Acetylcholine, Methacholine, Bethanechol, and Carbachol, as well as anticholinesterase agents such as Edrophonium, Neostigmine, and Physostigmine.
