Cholinergic Drugs Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between the activation of muscarinic and the activation of nicotinic receptors?

Muscarinic receptors are only found in the central nervous system, while nicotinic receptors are only found in the peripheral nervous system

Muscarinic receptors are involved in voluntary muscle control, while nicotinic receptors are involved in involuntary muscle control

Muscarinic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, while nicotinic receptors are G-protein coupled receptors

Muscarinic receptors are G-protein coupled receptors, while nicotinic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels (correct)

What is the mechanism of action of cholinesterase inhibitors?

They block the binding of acetylcholine to its receptors, reducing cholinergic effects

They inhibit the release of acetylcholine from presynaptic neurons

They directly stimulate muscarinic and nicotinic receptors

They prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to prolonged cholinergic effects (correct)

Which drug is a direct-acting cholinergic drug that is used to treat glaucoma?

Pilocarpine (correct)

Nicotine

Neostigmine

Physostigmine

What is the main adverse effect of cholinergic drugs?

Hypotension and bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the respiratory tract?

Constriction of bronchus and increased secretions of respiratory glands Signup and view all the answers

What effect does acetylcholine have on the urinary bladder?

Causes contraction of detrusor and relaxation of trigone/sphincter Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the heart rate and cardiac output?

Decrease in heart rate and cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the tone and peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract?

Increases the tone and peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What effect does acetylcholine have on the eye's iris?

Causes pupillary constriction (miosis) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the ciliary muscle of the eye?

Causes contraction of the ciliary muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the secretion of sweat, saliva, and lacrimation?

Causes increased secretion of sweat, saliva, and lacrimation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acetylcholine on autonomic ganglia?

Stimulation of both parasympathetic and sympathetic at higher doses Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs are used to treat hypertension, hypotension, shock, and heart failure?

Cholinergic drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor type is stimulated by muscarine and blocked by atropine?

Muscarinic receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is involved in the termination of the action of acetylcholine?

Acetylcholinesterase and butyryl cholinesterase Signup and view all the answers

Which nervous system is essential for digestive processes and waste elimination?

Parasympathetic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs produce actions similar to acetylcholine through direct-acting choline esters like acetylcholine?

Cholinergic drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptors are ion channel receptors?

Nicotinic receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptors are G-protein coupled receptors?

Muscarinic receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is involved in the synthesis of the transmitter acetylcholine?

Choline acetyltransferase Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs are used to treat myasthenia gravis and urinary retention?

Cholinergic drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs affect cholinergic transmission by inhibiting choline carrier?

Hemicholinium Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs affect cholinergic transmission by inhibiting vesicular storage and release?

Atropine Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs affect cholinergic transmission by enhancing vesicular storage and release?

Nicotine Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is used to treat glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure?

Carbachol Signup and view all the answers

Which choline ester is used in the diagnosis of bronchial hyperactivity and asthmatic conditions?

Methacholine Signup and view all the answers

Which choline ester is used to stimulate atonic bladder and treat congenital megacolon and paralytic ileus?

Bethanechol Signup and view all the answers

Which choline ester is poorly absorbed from the stomach and has poor lipid solubility?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What is the alkaloid obtained from Pilocarpus microphyllus used for?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are the adverse effects of Pilocarpine?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What do reversible anticholinesterases inhibit?

Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) Signup and view all the answers

What are the therapeutic uses of Physostigmine, Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Ambenonium?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are the adverse effects of Bethanechol?

Sweating and salivation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of Methacholine?

Diagnosing bronchial hyperactivity Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes irreversible anticholinesterases from reversible ones?

They are insecticides and nerve gas poisons Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic use of Pilocarpine?

Promoting salivation Signup and view all the answers

Which irreversible anticholinesterase binds covalently to the serine-OH group at the active site of acetylcholinesterase?

Echothiophate Signup and view all the answers

Which irreversible anticholinesterase undergoes aging by the loss of one of its ethyl groups, making it impossible for enzyme reactivator to break the bond between the remaining drug and the enzyme?

Echothiophate Signup and view all the answers

Which irreversible anticholinesterase produces intense miosis, forming the basis of its therapeutic application?

Echothiophate Signup and view all the answers

Which cholinesterase reactivator binds with the anionic site of cholinesterase and undergoes a reaction to cause hydrolysis of the phosphoserine bond, resulting in free enzyme?

Pralidoxime Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is an irreversible anticholinesterase used for the chronic treatment of open-angle glaucoma, with a potential risk of cataracts limiting its use?

Echothiophate Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is used as a cholinesterase reactivator in the management of organophosphorus poisoning, and should be administered as early as possible to avoid aging?

Pralidoxime Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is a reversible anticholinesterase structurally related to neostigmine, with similar mode of action and side effects, and is used to treat chronic open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma?

Demecarium Signup and view all the answers

Which drugs are categorized as reversible anticholinesterases used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease?

Tacrine, Donepezil, Rivastigmine, and Galantamine Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is a cerebroselective anti-ChE used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease?

Rivastigmine Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is used to stimulate atonic bladder and treat congenital megacolon and paralytic ileus?

Neostigmine Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is used in the diagnosis of bronchial hyperactivity and asthmatic conditions?

Pilocarpine Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cholinergic (Parasympathetic) Drugs: Choline Esters

Choline esters like Acetylcholine, Methacholine, Bethanechol, and Carbachol are poorly absorbed from the stomach and have poor lipid solubility.
Therapeutic uses of Bethanechol include stimulating atonic bladder and treating congenital megacolon and paralytic ileus.
Carbachol may be used in the eye to treat glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure.
Adverse effects of Bethanechol include generalized cholinergic stimulation effects like sweating, salivation, and decreased blood pressure.
Methacholine, with more muscarinic action than nicotinic, is used in the diagnosis of bronchial hyperactivity and asthmatic conditions.
Pilocarpine, an alkaloid obtained from Pilocarpus microphyllus, is used topically to produce rapid miosis and contraction of ciliary muscle in the eye.
Pilocarpine is used as a drug of choice in emergency lowering of intraocular pressure in glaucoma and in promoting salivation in patients with xerostomia.
Profuse sweating and salivation are adverse effects of Pilocarpine, and it can cause CNS disturbances at high doses.
Anticholinesterase agents inhibit the enzyme acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and protect ACh from hydrolysis.
Reversible anticholinesterases include Edrophonium, Neostigmine, Physostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Ambenonium.
Irreversible anticholinesterases are insecticides and nerve gas poisons like Organophosphorus compounds and Carbamates.
Physostigmine, Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Ambenonium have various therapeutic uses and actions, including reversing atropine overdose, treating myasthenia gravis, and diagnosing myasthenia gravis.

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Description

Test your knowledge of cholinergic (parasympathetic) drugs and their therapeutic uses, adverse effects, and mechanisms of action. This quiz covers choline esters like Acetylcholine, Methacholine, Bethanechol, and Carbachol, as well as anticholinesterase agents such as Edrophonium, Neostigmine, and Physostigmine.

Cholinergic Drugs Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between the activation of muscarinic and the activation of nicotinic receptors?

What is the mechanism of action of cholinesterase inhibitors?

Which drug is a direct-acting cholinergic drug that is used to treat glaucoma?

What is the main adverse effect of cholinergic drugs?

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the respiratory tract?

What effect does acetylcholine have on the urinary bladder?

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the heart rate and cardiac output?

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the tone and peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract?

What effect does acetylcholine have on the eye's iris?

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the ciliary muscle of the eye?

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the secretion of sweat, saliva, and lacrimation?

What is the effect of acetylcholine on autonomic ganglia?

Which type of drugs are used to treat hypertension, hypotension, shock, and heart failure?

Which receptor type is stimulated by muscarine and blocked by atropine?

Which enzyme is involved in the termination of the action of acetylcholine?

Which nervous system is essential for digestive processes and waste elimination?

Which type of drugs produce actions similar to acetylcholine through direct-acting choline esters like acetylcholine?

Which type of receptors are ion channel receptors?

Which type of receptors are G-protein coupled receptors?

Which enzyme is involved in the synthesis of the transmitter acetylcholine?

Which type of drugs are used to treat myasthenia gravis and urinary retention?

Which type of drugs affect cholinergic transmission by inhibiting choline carrier?

Which type of drugs affect cholinergic transmission by inhibiting vesicular storage and release?

Which type of drugs affect cholinergic transmission by enhancing vesicular storage and release?

Which drug is used to treat glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure?

Which choline ester is used in the diagnosis of bronchial hyperactivity and asthmatic conditions?

Which choline ester is used to stimulate atonic bladder and treat congenital megacolon and paralytic ileus?

Which choline ester is poorly absorbed from the stomach and has poor lipid solubility?

What is the alkaloid obtained from Pilocarpus microphyllus used for?

What are the adverse effects of Pilocarpine?

What do reversible anticholinesterases inhibit?

What are the therapeutic uses of Physostigmine, Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Ambenonium?

What are the adverse effects of Bethanechol?

What is the main use of Methacholine?

What distinguishes irreversible anticholinesterases from reversible ones?

What is the therapeutic use of Pilocarpine?

Which irreversible anticholinesterase binds covalently to the serine-OH group at the active site of acetylcholinesterase?

Which irreversible anticholinesterase undergoes aging by the loss of one of its ethyl groups, making it impossible for enzyme reactivator to break the bond between the remaining drug and the enzyme?

Which irreversible anticholinesterase produces intense miosis, forming the basis of its therapeutic application?

Which cholinesterase reactivator binds with the anionic site of cholinesterase and undergoes a reaction to cause hydrolysis of the phosphoserine bond, resulting in free enzyme?

Which drug is an irreversible anticholinesterase used for the chronic treatment of open-angle glaucoma, with a potential risk of cataracts limiting its use?

Which drug is used as a cholinesterase reactivator in the management of organophosphorus poisoning, and should be administered as early as possible to avoid aging?

Which drug is a reversible anticholinesterase structurally related to neostigmine, with similar mode of action and side effects, and is used to treat chronic open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma?

Which drugs are categorized as reversible anticholinesterases used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease?

Which drug is a cerebroselective anti-ChE used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease?

Which drug is used to stimulate atonic bladder and treat congenital megacolon and paralytic ileus?

Which drug is used in the diagnosis of bronchial hyperactivity and asthmatic conditions?

Study Notes

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