Cholinergic Drugs and Muscarinic Receptors Quiz

<p>Cevimeline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatic metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arecoline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imidazoline ring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involves release of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining homeostasis and regulating 'rest and digest' functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are coupled to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coupling the receptor to the enzyme unit, initiating signal transduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusing to the effector enzyme, initiating the secondary messenger cascade (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are directly coupled to ion channels, triggering rapid responses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct agonists bind to the receptor, while indirect agonists act by increasing acetylcholine release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a neurotransmitter that acts as the primary messenger in cholinergic synapses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancuronium (B), Vecuronium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Doxacurium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acts as a muscarinic antagonist (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vecuronium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermediate-acting with a half-life of 50-80 min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tachycardia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher potency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physostigmine is derived from a plant source, while neostigmine is synthetic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They require resynthesis of the enzyme after inhibition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form a reversible bond with a slower hydrolysis rate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physostigmine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can result in life-threatening situations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50-90 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organophosphate inhibitors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents the hydrolysis of the inhibitor from the enzyme. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reverse binding and prevent aging of phosphate bond with enzyme (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Curare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Management of secretions during surgery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bind acetylcholine and regulate ion channels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may be quaternary and basic for limited CNS penetration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(α1)2β1γδ and (α1)2β1γε (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To induce mydriasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tiotropium has a longer half-life than ipratropium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To inhibit the degradation of acetylcholine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glaucoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pilocarpine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basic nitrogen with a positive charge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes increased CNS penetration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They reduce activity and may cause antagonist effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quaternary nitrogen configuration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased salivation and gastrointestinal activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhancing GABA activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Management of bladder spasms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetylcholine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms of cholinergic toxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elderly patients with heart disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can increase selectivity for muscarinic receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They mimic the effects of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transdermal patch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(α7)5 and (α4)2(β2)3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low bioavailability and inhalation route (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibits the release of acetylcholine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Substances that activate cholinergic receptors, mimicking acetylcholine.

Agents that block cholinergic receptors, inhibiting the action of acetylcholine.

Type of G-protein coupled receptors that respond to acetylcholine.

Receptors that transmit signals inside cells through G-protein activation.

A series of biochemical events triggered by receptor activation leading to a cell response.

The method where an agonist attaches to a receptor, initiating a secondary response.

The primary neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system.

Study of how muscarinic agents are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted.

A muscarinic agonist used for urinary retention and glaucoma treatment.

Used for conditions like glaucoma, xerostomia, and Sjögren’s syndrome.

A muscarinic agonist used primarily for treating xerostomia.

Acts on central M1 and peripheral M3 receptors in salivary glands.

An alkaloid from Areca nut, known for mild stimulant effects and carcinogenic risks.

Agonist for M1 and M4 receptors, with stimulant properties.

Bioavailability of 40-50%, half-life of 3-5 hours, with elimination via various pathways.

Available as tablets or ophthalmic solution, half-life varies with dosage (1-2 hours).

Mivacurium has a short duration of 15 minutes with a half-life of 2 minutes.

Doxacurium is a long-acting non-depolarizing agent with a half-life of 90-120 minutes and high potency.

Pancuronium is an aminosteroid derivative with a half-life of 2 hours and short onset of action (3 min).

Vecuronium is an aminosteroid with a half-life of 50-80 minutes and less muscarinic activity than pancuronium.

Mivacurium is short-acting; Doxacurium is long-acting and more potent.

Pancuronium blocks M2 receptors causing tachycardia and nicotinic receptors leading to paralysis.

Vecuronium inhibits nicotinic receptors with lower muscarinic effects due to structural changes.

Pancuronium causes histamine release, which can lead to unwanted side effects.

Agents that increase acetylcholine by inhibiting its breakdown.

Enzyme that hydrolyzes acetylcholine after receptor activation.

Agents that temporarily inhibit acetylcholine esterase, enhancing acetylcholine's action.

Agents that permanently inhibit acetylcholine esterase, often used in warfare.

A reversible AChE inhibitor used for glaucoma and Alzheimer's; penetrates the CNS.

A reversible AChE inhibitor with no CNS penetration, used for myasthenia gravis.

A class of reversible AChE inhibitors that form stable bonds with the enzyme.

Part of the nervous system that uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.

Irreversible agents used as pesticides or warfare agents, causing life-threatening effects.

The process whereby the bond formed by irreversible AChE inhibitors becomes permanent.

Ion channels with 5 transmembrane subunits for acetylcholine binding.

Nicotinic receptors have 17 identified isoforms impacting function.

(α1)2β1γδ and (α1)2β1γε subunits trigger muscle contractions.

(α7)5 and (α4)2(β2)3 subunits improve cognition and memory.

Drugs that affect acetylcholine synthesis, storage, release, and action.

Cholinergic agonists like pilocarpine and physostigmine mimic acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine, muscarine, and nicotine activate cholinergic receptors.

Basic structure of acetylcholine is key for receptor interaction.

Symptoms from activated cholinergic receptors: Salivation, Lacrimation, etc.

Presence of nitrogen and methyl groups enable cholinergic agonist activity.

Larger ethyl substituents can cause antagonist effects.

The (S) isomer of cholinergic compounds is more potent than (R).

Larger alkyl groups lead to decreases in potency and possible antagonism.

Ester modifications affect stability and activity in cholinergics.

Degradation via acetylcholine esterase impacts cholinergic signaling.

An antidote that reverses binding of organophosphate to enzymes.

Medications used to treat seizures by reducing neuronal excitability.

Agents blocking muscarinic receptors, affecting various body systems.

Block nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction.

Pupil dilation caused by muscarinic antagonists in the eye.

Use of bronchodilators like muscarinic antagonists to widen lungs.

A natural muscarinic antagonist used for bradycardia and organophosphate poisoning.

A muscarinic antagonist used for motion sickness; higher CNS penetration than atropine.

A long-acting muscarinic antagonist for asthma and COPD, given via inhalation.

A short-acting muscarinic antagonist primarily used for asthma attacks.

A muscarinic antagonist used to treat overactive bladder.

A muscarinic antagonist with a permanent charge preventing CNS effects, used in surgeries.

The mechanism through which drugs bind and exert their effect on receptors.

The time it takes for half the drug to be eliminated from the body.

Study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body.