Cholera Prevention and Control Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary reason for the difficulty in preventing and controlling cholera in developing countries?

Limited access to vaccines for cholera

Fast-growing cities lacking appropriate infrastructure (correct)

Lack of government interest in public health

High levels of public awareness about cholera

What is one effective method of cholera prevention?

Overcrowding in temporary housing

Providing clean, piped water that has been chlorinated (correct)

Using unwashed vegetables in meals

Increasing the use of raw sewage for irrigation

Which method is NOT commonly used to control malaria?

Reducing chances of mosquito bites

Using drugs to treat existing infections

Reducing mosquito populations

Applying pesticides indiscriminately (correct)

Which intervention is part of the treatment plan for severe cholera cases?

Administering antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What role does the World Health Organization (WHO) play in cholera control?

Monitoring infection rates and outbreaks Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary vectors for malaria transmission?

Anopheles mosquitoes Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the spread of cholera in humanitarian crises?

Destruction of sanitation infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods reduces the transmission cycle of malaria?

Targeted reduction of Anopheles mosquito populations Signup and view all the answers

Which method is effective in controlling mosquito larvae without harming other organisms?

Using Bacillus thuringiensis preparations Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of using prophylactic drugs for malaria?

The emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium strains Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does the WHO face in eradicating malaria using insecticides?

Anopheles mosquitoes developing resistance to these insecticides Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of transmission for tuberculosis (TB)?

Inhalation of droplets from infected persons Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of contact tracing in the control of TB?

To screen contacts for symptoms and test for the bacterium Signup and view all the answers

Why was the WHO's worldwide malaria eradication program in the 1950s mainly unsuccessful?

Resistance developed in both Plasmodium and Anopheles mosquitoes Signup and view all the answers

Which preventative method is advisable for individuals living in malaria-prone areas?

Avoiding exposed skin at dusk and using bed nets Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of those vaccinated with the BCG vaccine for TB receive protection?

70-80% Signup and view all the answers

What recent advancement has improved malaria diagnosis?

Simple dipstick tests for rapid diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

What combination strategy is suggested to combat drug resistance in malaria treatment?

Combining multiple drugs for treatment Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Prevention & Control of Cholera

Cholera mainly arises from inadequate sanitation and lack of access to clean water.
Rapid urban growth in developing countries exacerbates cholera risks due to poor infrastructure and funding limitations for sewage and water supply projects.
War and natural disasters disrupt sanitation infrastructure, leading to overcrowded temporary housing with inadequate sanitation.
The practice of using raw sewage for crop irrigation increases cholera transmission risk.
Prevention measures include:
- Establishing sufficient sewage treatment facilities.
- Providing chlorinated piped water to eliminate bacteria, as seen in developed nations.
- Implementing vaccination programs in endemic regions.
Control strategies involve:
- Ensuring access to oral rehydration therapy, a mixture of glucose, salts, and water.
- Monitoring by the World Health Organisation (WHO).
- Using antibiotics for severe cases to mitigate antibiotic resistance.

Prevention & Control of Malaria

Key strategies to combat malaria:
- Decreasing Anopheles mosquito populations.
- Minimizing human exposure to mosquito bites.
- Administering preventative drugs against Plasmodium infections.
Reducing mosquito numbers can be achieved by:
- Spraying insecticides like DDT in living areas.
- Applying oil on water surfaces to kill mosquito larvae.
- Draining unnecessary water bodies and marshes.
- Stocking ponds and ditches with fish that feed on larvae.
- Treating water bodies with Bacillus thuringiensis, targeting larvae selectively.
Complete elimination of breeding sites is challenging due to mosquitoes' adaptability.
Prophylactic medications (e.g., chloroquine, mefloquine) face challenges like drug resistance and side effects.
Effective personal protection includes sleeping under insecticide-treated bed nets and minimizing skin exposure during peak mosquito activity (dusk).
A WHO-led eradication effort in the 1950s successfully eliminated malaria from some regions but failed overall due to:
- Resistance developed in Plasmodium to control drugs.
- Anopheles resistance to certain insecticides.
Ongoing malaria control actions by governments and WHO focus on:
- Enhancing diagnosis within health systems.
- Ensuring effective drug supply.
- Utilizing drug combinations to combat resistance.
- Promoting biological control methods and insecticide-treated bed nets.
Innovations in malaria control include:
- Rapid dipstick tests for quick diagnosis without laboratory requirements.
- Full sequencing of the Plasmodium genome aids vaccine development.

Prevention & Control of Tuberculosis (TB)

TB spreads through droplets from coughing or sneezing of infected individuals, containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Contact tracing is essential for controlling TB spread by screening and testing contacts for TB infection.
Diagnosis of TB can take up to two weeks, emphasizing the need for timely detection.
TB prevention is primarily through the BCG vaccine, the only vaccine available, which offers protection for 70-80% of its recipients.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the prevention and control of cholera, a disease exacerbated by poor sanitation and lack of clean water. This quiz covers the challenges faced in developing countries, especially in growing cities and humanitarian crises. Discover the key factors that contribute to cholera outbreaks and strategies to mitigate them.