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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?
What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?
- To evolve alternative mechanisms of carbon fixation in hot, arid climates
- To reduce CO$_2$ to sugar using the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH (correct)
- To harvest energy from sunlight and convert CO$_2$ and H$_2$O into chemical energy
- To convert light energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH
What is the role of the light reactions in photosynthesis?
What is the role of the light reactions in photosynthesis?
- To evolve alternative mechanisms of carbon fixation in hot, arid climates
- To convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH (correct)
- To reduce CO$_2$ to sugar using the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH
- To harvest energy from sunlight and convert CO$_2$ and H$_2$O into chemical energy
In photosynthesis, what is the ultimate source of energy for converting CO$_2$ and H$_2$O into organic molecules and oxygen?
In photosynthesis, what is the ultimate source of energy for converting CO$_2$ and H$_2$O into organic molecules and oxygen?
- ATP
- Sunlight (correct)
- CO$_2$
- NADPH
What is the significance of alternative mechanisms of carbon fixation in hot, arid climates?
What is the significance of alternative mechanisms of carbon fixation in hot, arid climates?
Where does the Calvin cycle occur in the chloroplast?
Where does the Calvin cycle occur in the chloroplast?
What is the primary source of energy for the process of photosynthesis?
What is the primary source of energy for the process of photosynthesis?
What is the waste product released during photosynthesis?
What is the waste product released during photosynthesis?
Which molecule is reduced to carbohydrate during the Calvin cycle?
Which molecule is reduced to carbohydrate during the Calvin cycle?
What is the function of NADPH and ATP in photosynthesis?
What is the function of NADPH and ATP in photosynthesis?
Where do the light reactions occur in the chloroplast?
Where do the light reactions occur in the chloroplast?
What is the name of the process that involves the splitting of water and generation of NADPH and ATP?
What is the name of the process that involves the splitting of water and generation of NADPH and ATP?
What is the alternative name for the Calvin cycle?
What is the alternative name for the Calvin cycle?
What is the primary product of the light reactions in photosynthesis?
What is the primary product of the light reactions in photosynthesis?
What is the role of the chloroplast in photosynthesis?
What is the role of the chloroplast in photosynthesis?
What is the function of the thylakoids in photosynthesis?
What is the function of the thylakoids in photosynthesis?
What is the overall function of the light reactions and the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?
What is the overall function of the light reactions and the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?
What drives photosynthesis, ranging from 380 nm to 740 nm in wavelength?
What drives photosynthesis, ranging from 380 nm to 740 nm in wavelength?
What does chlorophyll, the primary photosynthetic pigment, absorb?
What does chlorophyll, the primary photosynthetic pigment, absorb?
What does an absorption spectrum represent?
What does an absorption spectrum represent?
What do NADP+ and ADP molecules release during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
What do NADP+ and ADP molecules release during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
What is the role of a spectrophotometer in photosynthesis research?
What is the role of a spectrophotometer in photosynthesis research?
What is the function of the atmosphere in photosynthesis?
What is the function of the atmosphere in photosynthesis?
What does the absorption spectra of chloroplast pigments help scientists understand?
What does the absorption spectra of chloroplast pigments help scientists understand?
What are the products released to the stroma during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
What are the products released to the stroma during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
What is the role of photons in light energy transmission?
What is the role of photons in light energy transmission?
What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
What do photosynthetic pigments absorb?
What do photosynthetic pigments absorb?
What is the outcome of the two stages of photosynthesis?
What is the outcome of the two stages of photosynthesis?
What is the primary site of photosynthesis in a plant?
What is the primary site of photosynthesis in a plant?
How many chloroplasts are approximately found in a chunk of leaf with a 1 $mm^2$ top surface area?
How many chloroplasts are approximately found in a chunk of leaf with a 1 $mm^2$ top surface area?
Where does CO2 enter the leaf and O2 exit from?
Where does CO2 enter the leaf and O2 exit from?
How many chloroplasts are approximately found in each mesophyll cell?
How many chloroplasts are approximately found in each mesophyll cell?
Where does chlorophyll, the green pigment in leaves, reside?
Where does chlorophyll, the green pigment in leaves, reside?
What is the overall chemical change during photosynthesis?
What is the overall chemical change during photosynthesis?
What is the direct product of photosynthesis?
What is the direct product of photosynthesis?
Where is the dense fluid called the stroma located within a chloroplast?
Where is the dense fluid called the stroma located within a chloroplast?
What do chloroplasts use as a source of electrons during photosynthesis?
What do chloroplasts use as a source of electrons during photosynthesis?
What is the third membrane system made up of sacs within a chloroplast?
What is the third membrane system made up of sacs within a chloroplast?
What did scientists use as a tracer to confirm that plants split H2O as a source of electrons during photosynthesis?
What did scientists use as a tracer to confirm that plants split H2O as a source of electrons during photosynthesis?
What is the overall photosynthetic equation?
What is the overall photosynthetic equation?
Study Notes
Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis in Plants
- Chloroplasts are found in all green parts of a plant, with leaves being the primary sites of photosynthesis.
- A chunk of leaf with a 1 mm2 top surface area contains about half a million chloroplasts.
- CO2 enters the leaf and O2 exits through microscopic pores called stomata, while water is delivered to the leaves through veins.
- Each mesophyll cell contains about 30–40 chloroplasts, each measuring about 2–4 µm by 4–7 µm.
- A chloroplast has two membranes surrounding a dense fluid called the stroma, with a third membrane system made up of sacs called thylakoids.
- Chlorophyll, the green pigment in leaves, resides in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.
- The overall photosynthetic equation has been known since the 1800s: 6 CO2 + 12 H2O + Light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O.
- The direct product of photosynthesis is actually a three-carbon sugar that can be used to make glucose.
- Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in plant cells, but chloroplasts do not synthesize sugars by simply reversing the steps of respiration.
- The overall chemical change during photosynthesis is the reverse of the one that occurs during cellular respiration.
- Chloroplasts split water into hydrogen and oxygen atoms, and the O2 released during photosynthesis comes from water, not from CO2.
- Scientists confirmed the hypothesis that plants split H2O as a source of electrons from hydrogen atoms, releasing O2 as a by-product using oxygen-18 as a tracer.
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Description
Test your knowledge of chloroplasts and photosynthesis in plants with this quiz. Explore the structure of chloroplasts, the process of photosynthesis, and the role of chlorophyll in producing glucose and oxygen. Dive into the intricate details of how plants use water and carbon dioxide to create energy through this essential biological process.
