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Questions and Answers
What was the capital of the Song dynasty?
What was the capital of the Song dynasty?
What was the primary basis for the civil service examinations in China during the Song dynasty?
What was the primary basis for the civil service examinations in China during the Song dynasty?
Which crop contributed significantly to agricultural production during the Song dynasty?
Which crop contributed significantly to agricultural production during the Song dynasty?
Which of the following statements about the Song dynasty's economy is true?
Which of the following statements about the Song dynasty's economy is true?
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What was one of the effects of the examination system on social mobility during the Song dynasty?
What was one of the effects of the examination system on social mobility during the Song dynasty?
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How were women affected during the Song dynasty according to Confucian beliefs?
How were women affected during the Song dynasty according to Confucian beliefs?
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Which neighboring country implemented the tributary system to trade with China?
Which neighboring country implemented the tributary system to trade with China?
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What practice was common in the examination system during the Song dynasty?
What practice was common in the examination system during the Song dynasty?
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What was the primary reason the Mongols were able to conquer China?
What was the primary reason the Mongols were able to conquer China?
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Which dynasty followed the Mongol rule in China and emphasized Confucianism?
Which dynasty followed the Mongol rule in China and emphasized Confucianism?
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What was one significant reason Zheng He's voyages ended?
What was one significant reason Zheng He's voyages ended?
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What impact did the Mongols have on Persia compared to China?
What impact did the Mongols have on Persia compared to China?
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How did the Mongol approach to Russia differ from their approach in Persia?
How did the Mongol approach to Russia differ from their approach in Persia?
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What geographical feature did the Mongols utilize to control Russia?
What geographical feature did the Mongols utilize to control Russia?
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What major outcome resulted from the Mongol invasions in Russia?
What major outcome resulted from the Mongol invasions in Russia?
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What was a dominant feature of the Ming Dynasty's policies?
What was a dominant feature of the Ming Dynasty's policies?
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What tribute system did Korea and Vietnam have with China?
What tribute system did Korea and Vietnam have with China?
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What was the main purpose of Zheng He's voyages?
What was the main purpose of Zheng He's voyages?
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Study Notes
Chinese Dynasties: Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing
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Song Dynasty (Golden Age):
- Capital: Hangzhou
- Became smaller as Mongols took the north
- Civil service exams, based on Confucianism, were rife with bribery and cheating, leading to social mobility for the wealthy
- Economic revolution: population boom (Champa rice), urbanization, technological advancements (metallurgy, coal, printing, shipbuilding, gunpowder), commercialization (waterways, cash taxes, paper money)
- Patriarchal society: Confucianism limited women's opportunities; however, women could own property and inheritances.
- Tributary system with neighboring countries (Korea, Vietnam, Japan).
-
Yuan Dynasty (Mongol Rule):
- Mongol conquest of a divided China.
- Northern China heavily impacted by Mongol rule due to grazing needs.
- Mongols claimed Mandate of Heaven, forming the Yuan Dynasty under Kublai Khan.
- Mongols were foreign and harsh, eventually expelled via revolts, factions, inflation, epidemics.
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Ming Dynasty (Recovery):
- Emphasis on Chinese traditions (Confucianism).
- Restoration of civil service exams; exclusion of Mongol history.
- Construction of the Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven (Daoism).
- Zheng He's voyages: extensive maritime expeditions for tribute and diplomacy. However, voyage ended due cost, emperor's death,threats from north, internal trouble.
Mongol Impact on Neighbors
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Persia:
- Two Mongol invasions led to devastation, especially in Baghdad.
- Mongols converted to Islam in Persia.
- Extensive cultural exchange between Mongols and Persians.
- Mongol rule in Persia eventually collapsed, allowing for assimilation.
-
Russia:
- Mongol invasion brought violence similar to northern China.
- Mongols imposed heavy taxes and enslavement.
- Russia was not occupied; instead, Mongol rule was from the steppes.
- Mongols were religiously tolerant to those accepting their rule.
- Moscow gained prominence as tribute collector.
- Mongols' departure and internal problems in the Mongol Empire allowed Russia to gain freedom.
Tributary System
- Korea, Vietnam, Japan maintained their cultural identities while interacting with China.
- These civilizations practiced the "kowtow" – a ritual of deference.
- Korea kept Hangul.
- Vietnam kept its cultural heritage (including Chữ Nôm).
- Japan kept Shinto beliefs, samurai class, bushido code.
- Buddhism spread from India to China, then to Korea, Vietnam, and Japan.
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Description
Explore the major Chinese dynasties from Song to Qing. Learn about the advancements, societal structures, and conflicts that defined these transformative periods in Chinese history. This quiz will test your knowledge on significant events, cultural changes, and the impacts of foreign rule.
