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Questions and Answers
What was the primary consequence of the Opium Wars for the Qing dynasty?
Which event marked the beginning of the Chinese Civil War?
Who led the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution of 1917?
What was the primary goal of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) when it was founded in 1921?
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What was the outcome of the Russian Civil War?
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What was the primary motivation behind the growth of nationalism in China?
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What was the significance of the Long March in the Chinese Civil War?
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What was the main outcome of the Taiping Rebellion in China?
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What was the main outcome of the Boxer Rebellion in China?
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What was the significance of the New Economic Policy (NEP) in Russia?
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Study Notes
Qing Dynasty Decline
- Last imperial dynasty in China (1644-1912)
- Decline began in mid-19th century due to internal strife, corruption, and external pressures
- Key factors contributing to decline:
- Opium Wars (1839-1842, 1856-1860) led to unequal treaties and loss of territory
- Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) weakened the dynasty and led to widespread destruction
- Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901) further eroded Qing authority and led to foreign intervention
- Republican Revolution of 1911 led to the fall of the Qing dynasty
Communist Revolution in China
- Led by Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
- Key events:
- 1921: CCP founded with the goal of establishing a socialist state
- 1927: Nanchang Uprising marked the beginning of the Chinese Civil War
- 1934-1935: Long March, a 6,000-mile retreat to Shaanxi province, solidified Mao's leadership
- 1949: CCP defeated the Nationalist Party (KMT) and established the People's Republic of China
Russian Revolution of 1917
- Two revolutions occurred in 1917:
- February Revolution (March 1917): Abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and establishment of the Provisional Government
- October Revolution (November 1917): Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, seized power and established the Soviet government
Russian Civil War
- 1918-1922: Conflict between the Bolsheviks and the anti-Bolshevik White Army
- Key events:
- 1918: Execution of Tsar Nicholas II and his family
- 1919: Establishment of the Red Army, led by Leon Trotsky
- 1921: New Economic Policy (NEP) introduced to revitalize the economy
- 1922: Bolsheviks emerged victorious, and the Soviet Union was established
Nationalism in China
- Emerged in response to foreign imperialism and domestic weakness
- Key factors:
- Humiliation of unequal treaties and foreign concessions
- Economic exploitation and foreign domination
- Growing sense of Chinese identity and desire for independence
- Influence of Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People (nationalism, democracy, and livelihood)
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Description
Explore the significant events and key figures of the Qing dynasty's decline, the Communist Revolution in China, the Russian Revolution of 1917, and the Russian Civil War. Learn about the rise of nationalism in China and the impact of foreign imperialism.
