60 Questions
Which international organization was involved in the PRC's attempt to maintain the Khmer Rouge regime's seat?
United Nations
What was the significance of the South China Sea, according to the passage?
It is reputed to contain large natural gas and oil resources
What did Vietnam do in response to China's Territorial Waters Law in 1992?
Declared its sovereignty over the Paracel and Spratly Islands
What incident occurred in May 2011, according to the passage?
China severed the cables of a Vietnam vessel
How many states have competing claims in the South China Sea, according to the passage?
Four
What was the distance of Vietnam's maritime border proclamation in 1977?
200 km
Which country dominated the International Bank for Economic Cooperation and the International Investment Bank?
Soviet Union
What event triggered Vietnam's retaliatory bombing raids in 1977?
An attack on its border villages by Cambodia
Which Chinese leader's presidency marked a reversal of the trend of decentralization of power in the CCP?
Xi Jinping
What was the name of the organization that controlled the International Bank for Economic Cooperation and the International Investment Bank?
COMECON
What was the outcome of the Chinese invasion of Vietnam in 1979?
China declared victory but withdrew its forces 28 days later.
What was the purpose of China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) incursion into Vietnam in 1984?
To compel Vietnam’s withdrawal from Cambodia.
What is the name of the islands in the South China Sea that were the subject of a naval confrontation between China and Vietnam in 1988?
Spratly Islands
When did China begin to patrol the waters surrounding the disputed Spratly Islands?
May 1987
What has been the nature of the political relationship between China and Vietnam throughout their conflict?
Hostile and violent
What was the outcome of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu?
North Vietnam's military forces defeated France
Why did China pressure the Democratic Republic of Vietnam to accept a temporary two-state solution?
To prevent the immediate unification of North and South Vietnam
What was the outcome of the temporary two-state solution implemented in 1954?
It lasted for 21 years
What was China's strategic decision regarding the Khmer Rouge in Kampuchea?
To support the Khmer Rouge
Who was the charismatic leader of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam?
Ho Chi Minh
The Standing Committee of the CCP Politburo played a less important role in the decision-making process during the presidency of Xi Jinping.
False
Vietnam joined the International Bank for Economic Cooperation and the International Investment Bank in May 1977.
False
China's response to Vietnam's enlargement of its maritime border was an immediate attack on Vietnam's border villages.
False
Xi Jinping's presidency began in 2017.
False
The International Bank for Economic Cooperation and the International Investment Bank were dominated by the Chinese government.
False
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam achieved a decisive victory over France’s military forces in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1975.
False
China supported the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in crushing the Khmer Rouge in Kampuchea.
False
The People's Republic of China and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam were ideologically kin Communist states.
True
Ho Chi Minh, the charismatic leader of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, was pleased with the temporary two-state solution imposed by China in 1954.
False
The temporary two-state solution implemented in 1954 lasted for only 2 years.
False
Vietnam gained control of Cambodia after the Chinese incursion in 1979.
False
The Chinese forces withdrew from Vietnam after 28 days of fighting.
True
The Spratly Islands in the South China Sea are disputed territories claimed only by China and Vietnam.
False
The naval battle between China and Vietnam in 1988 was a low-intensity conflict.
True
The relationship between China and Vietnam has been peaceful throughout their history.
False
Vietnam proclaimed its sovereignty over the Paracel Islands in 1992.
False
China's Territorial Waters Law declared sovereignty over the entire South China Sea.
True
The Philippines was not involved in the territorial conflict in the South China Sea.
False
The South China Sea is a region of minimal natural resources.
False
Vietnam responded to China's Territorial Waters Law by cutting diplomatic ties in 1992.
False
What was the reason behind Vietnam's retaliatory bombing raids in 1977?
A Cambodia attack against its border villages on April 30, 1977
How did the decision-making process in the Chinese Communist Party change during the presidencies of Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao?
Concentration of decision-making power in an individual diminished, with a more important role for the Standing Committee of the CCP Politburo
What was the strategic decision made by Vietnam in May 1977, perceived by China as hostile?
To proclaim an enlargement of its maritime border to 200 km
What international organizations did Vietnam join in May-June 1977, further straining its relations with China?
The International Bank for Economic Cooperation (IBEC) and the International Investment Bank (IIB)
Which Chinese leader's presidency marked a reversal of the trend of decentralization of power in the CCP?
Xi Jinping
What was the motivation behind China's declaration of suzerainty over the South China Sea in 1992?
The motivation was to claim the reputed large natural gas and oil resources present in the South China Sea.
What was the outcome of the near-physical clash between China's and the Philippines' patrol boats near the Spratly Islands in 2013?
The outcome was a potential escalation of the multilateral conflict in the future.
How did Vietnam respond to China's declaration of sovereignty over the South China Sea in 2003?
Vietnam officially proclaimed its sovereignty over the Paracel and Spratly Islands.
What was the significance of the South China Sea in the context of the conflict between China and Vietnam?
The South China Sea is a region rich in natural resources, specifically oil and natural gas, which is a major factor in the conflict.
What was the nature of the political relationship between China and Vietnam throughout their conflict?
The political relationship between China and Vietnam has been hostile.
What was the outcome of the Chinese invasion of Vietnam in 1979?
Chinese brief capture of 3 Vietnamese provincial capitals and several border villages, followed by an ignominious withdrawal 28 days later.
What is the significance of the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea?
Disputed territories claimed by China and Vietnam among others.
What was the nature of the political relationship between China and Vietnam throughout their conflict?
Political hostility
What was the outcome of the naval battle between China and Vietnam in 1988?
A low-intensity conflict
How did China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) incursion into Vietnam in 1984 end?
Failed effort to compel Vietnam's withdrawal from Cambodia
What was the outcome of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, and how did it impact the relationship between China and Vietnam?
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam achieved a decisive victory over France's military forces in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu. This led to China pressuring Vietnam to accept a temporary two-state solution, which caused tension and mistrust between the two ideologically kin Communist states.
What was China's strategic decision regarding the Khmer Rouge in Kampuchea, and what were the implications of this decision?
China made a strategic decision to support the Khmer Rouge in Kampuchea, rather than to accede to Vietnam's request to assist in crushing that Far-Left revolutionary movement. This decision led to further tension and conflict between China and Vietnam.
What was the nature of the relationship between China and Vietnam throughout their conflict, and how did it impact their decisions and actions?
The relationship between China and Vietnam was marked by tension, mistrust, and conflict, with both countries making strategic decisions that impacted the other. This relationship was influenced by their ideological kinship as Communist states, but also by their competing interests and territorial claims.
What were the consequences of the temporary two-state solution implemented in 1954, and how did it impact the relationship between China and Vietnam?
The temporary two-state solution implemented in 1954, which lasted for 21 years, was a result of China's pressure on Vietnam. This led to resentment and anger from Vietnam's leader Ho Chi Minh, and contributed to ongoing tension and mistrust between the two countries.
How did China's decisions and actions impact Vietnam's sovereignty and security, and what were the implications of this for the region?
China's decisions and actions, including its pressure to accept a temporary two-state solution and its support of the Khmer Rouge, were seen as threats to Vietnam's sovereignty and security. This led to ongoing conflict and tension between the two countries, and had significant implications for the region.
Study Notes
China-Vietnam Conflict
- One instance of hostile political act: China's attempts to maintain exiled Khmer Rouge regime's retention of Cambodia's seat at the United Nations, long after its ouster from power.
- In 1992, China passed a Territorial Waters Law, declaring its suzerainty over the South China Sea, which is reputed to contain large natural gas and oil resources.
- In 2003, Vietnam responded by proclaiming its sovereignty over the Paracel and Spratly Islands in the South China Sea.
Territorial Disputes
- The South China Sea is a point of contention between China and Vietnam, with both countries making competing claims to the territory.
- In 2011, China was accused of severing the cables of a Vietnamese vessel conducting a seismic survey in the South China Sea.
- In 2013, a near-physical clash occurred between China's and the Philippines' patrol boats near the Spratly Islands, indicating a potential escalation of the conflict.
History of Conflict
- In 1954, China pressured North Vietnam to accept a temporary two-state solution for 2 years, rather than insisting on immediate unification.
- In the early 1970s, China made a strategic decision to support the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, rather than assisting Vietnam in crushing the movement.
- In 1977, Vietnam responded to a Cambodia attack on its border villages with retaliatory bombing raids.
- In May 1977, Vietnam implemented a strategic decision to enlarge its maritime border to 200 km, which was perceived as hostile by China.
Naval Violence
- In May 1987, China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) naval arm patrolled waters surrounding the contested Spratly Islands, to which Vietnam objected.
- In March 1988, a low-intensity naval battle occurred between China and Vietnam, setting a precedent for threatening acts of violence.
Political Hostility
- Political hostility has been evident throughout the conflict, with both China and Vietnam making strategic and tactical decisions directed at each other's leadership.
- Both countries have been accused of committing hostile acts with political implications.
Test your knowledge of the political tensions between China and Vietnam, including their disputes over the South China Sea and Cambodia's seat at the United Nations.
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