Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key aspect of intellectual disability as defined by the DSM-5?
What is a key aspect of intellectual disability as defined by the DSM-5?
What is the chromosomal abnormality associated with Down syndrome?
What is the chromosomal abnormality associated with Down syndrome?
What is the genetic basis of Fragile-X syndrome?
What is the genetic basis of Fragile-X syndrome?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for intellectual disability according to the DSM-5?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for intellectual disability according to the DSM-5?
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What is the effect of lead or mercury poisoning on the development of intellectual disability?
What is the effect of lead or mercury poisoning on the development of intellectual disability?
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Which of the following is a change in the DSM-5 criteria for intellectual disability?
Which of the following is a change in the DSM-5 criteria for intellectual disability?
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What is the primary focus of developmental psychopathology?
What is the primary focus of developmental psychopathology?
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Which of the following disorders is unique to children?
Which of the following disorders is unique to children?
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How are childhood disorders classified in the DSM-5?
How are childhood disorders classified in the DSM-5?
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What is the term used in the DSM-5 to describe what was previously known as mental retardation?
What is the term used in the DSM-5 to describe what was previously known as mental retardation?
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What is a characteristic of an individual with a learning disability?
What is a characteristic of an individual with a learning disability?
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Where are learning disabilities often identified and treated?
Where are learning disabilities often identified and treated?
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Which of the following is a common feature of reading disorders?
Which of the following is a common feature of reading disorders?
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What is the primary difference between a learning disability and intellectual disability?
What is the primary difference between a learning disability and intellectual disability?
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What are the primary difficulties associated with Specific Learning Disorder?
What are the primary difficulties associated with Specific Learning Disorder?
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Which of the following is no longer a distinct diagnosis in DSM-5?
Which of the following is no longer a distinct diagnosis in DSM-5?
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What is the term formerly used to describe Intellectual Disability?
What is the term formerly used to describe Intellectual Disability?
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According to the AAIDD, what is a key characteristic of Intellectual Disability?
According to the AAIDD, what is a key characteristic of Intellectual Disability?
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What is an important purpose of describing limitations in Intellectual Disability?
What is an important purpose of describing limitations in Intellectual Disability?
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What is the primary goal of providing personalized supports for individuals with Intellectual Disability?
What is the primary goal of providing personalized supports for individuals with Intellectual Disability?
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What is a key consideration when assessing individuals with Intellectual Disability?
What is a key consideration when assessing individuals with Intellectual Disability?
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What is a key assumption essential to the application of the AAIDD definition of Intellectual Disability?
What is a key assumption essential to the application of the AAIDD definition of Intellectual Disability?
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Study Notes
Developmental Psychopathology
- Studies disorders within the context of normal child development
- Examines the relationship between child and adult psychopathology
- Some disorders are unique to children (e.g., separation anxiety disorder)
- Some disorders are primarily childhood disorders but may continue into adulthood (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder)
- Some disorders are present in both children and adults (e.g., depression)
Classification and Diagnosis of Childhood Disorders
- DSM-5 splits childhood disorders into two chapters: Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorder
- DSM-5 has new names for disorders, such as mental retardation being renamed to intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder)
Learning Disability
- Evidence of inadequate development in a specific area of academic, language, speech, or motor skills (e.g., arithmetic or reading)
- Not due to intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorder, physical disorder, or lack of educational opportunity
- Individual usually of average or above-average intelligence
- Often identified and treated in school
- Reading disorders are more common in boys
Specific Learning Disorder
- DSM-5 criteria: difficulties in learning basic academic skills (reading, mathematics, or writing) inconsistent with person's age, schooling, and intelligence
- Significant interference with academic achievement or activities of daily living
- Dyscalculia and dyslexia are no longer distinct diagnoses
- Specifiers include impairments in reading, written expression, and mathematics
Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)
- Formerly called mental retardation in DSM-IV-TR
- Characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior
- Begins before age 18
- Five essential assumptions:
- Limitations in present functioning must be considered within the context of community environments
- Valid assessment considers cultural and linguistic diversity
- Within an individual, limitations often coexist with strengths
- An important purpose of describing limitations is to develop a profile of needed supports
- With appropriate personalized supports, the life functioning of the person with intellectual disability generally will improve
DSM-5 Criteria for Intellectual Disability
- Intellectual deficits (e.g., in solving problems, reasoning, abstract thinking) determined by intelligence testing and broader clinical assessment
- Significant deficits in adaptive functioning relative to the person's age and cultural group in one or more of the following areas: communication, social participation, work or school, independence at home or in the community, requiring the need for support at school, work, or independent life
- Onset before age 18
Changes in DSM-5
- Explicit recognition that an IQ score must be considered within the cultural context of a person
- Adaptive functioning must also be assessed and considered within the person's age and cultural group
- No longer distinguish among mild, moderate, and severe ID based on IQ scores alone
Etiology of Intellectual Disability: Neurological Factors
- Down syndrome: chromosomal trisomy 21, an extra copy of chromosome 21
- Fragile-X syndrome: mutation in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome
- Recessive-gene disease: phenylketonuria (PKU)
- Maternal infectious disease, especially during the first trimester (e.g., cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, rubella, herpes simplex, HIV, and syphilis)
- Lead or mercury poisoning
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Description
This quiz covers the classification and diagnosis of childhood disorders, including developmental psychopathology and the relationship between child and adult psychopathology. Test your knowledge of unique childhood disorders and those that continue into adulthood.
